Historical/Cultural Events
Swept through Europe, killing one-fourth of its population
What is the Bubonic Plague (Black Death)?
The most important musicians in the church
Who are priests and monks?
The official music of the Roman Catholic Church for over 1000 years
What is Gregorian chant?
A second melodic line added to plainchant which led to the first form of polyphony
What is organum?
Music performed outside of the church, often used instrumentation
What is secular music?
A meeting place that became the center of daily life.
What is the church?
Traveling poet-composers active in noble courts and villages from Northern France
Who are the Troubadours?
A text setting in which every syllable gets one pitch
What is syllabic?
Type of plainchant where choir is sectioned into two equal alternating groups
What is antiphonal?
The center of musical development after 1150
Paris
The war that was fought between England and France from 1337-1453
What is The Hundred Years' War?
Two choirmasters of Notre Dame who were among the first notable known composers
Who are Leonin and Perotin?
When a soloist alternates with a choir in plainchant
What is responsorial?
What is unison?
Music sung without instruments
What is a cappella?
German nun who was the first female composer from whom musical works have survived
Hildegard von Bingen
A text setting in which some syllables are sung over many pitches
What is melismatic?
What are church modes?
The method in which secular music was passed down because of the general illiteracy of the population
What is aurally?
Kingdom that fell in 450 due to great upheaval, migration, and conflict
Roman Empire
Performer also known as jongleur that performs in castles, taverns, and town squares
What is a minstrel?
A term meaning "of the church"
What is sacred?
Pope who reorganized the Catholic liturgy, including music
Who is Pope Gregory?