The Manor Economy
What group made up the majority of the population in the Middle Ages?
Serfs
Who was the early Irish missionary known for converting people to Christianity?
Saint Patrick
Describe a vassal.
A vassal is a person who received land from a lord in exchange for loyalty and service.
Medieval Europeans believed that the _ was the highest authority and the guardian of God’s truth.
Pope
In 486, Clovis I defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe. What kingdom did Clovis belong to?
The Frankish Kingdom.
What is a serf?
A serf is a peasant who is bound to the land and under the control of a lord.
When the king of Kent converted to Catholicism, what did his subjects do?
Many of them followed his example and converted to Christianity as well.
What is a fief?
Land
Define Christendom.
The large community of Christians spread across the world
How did Charlemagne work to unite much of Western Europe?
Standardized currency and legal systems
Strengthened ties with the Catholic Church
What was a way of life for medieval lords and vassals?
A life based on loyalty, protection, and feudal obligations.
What entity gradually became a powerful force in Europe during the Middle Ages?
The Catholic Church.
What were all knights expected to live by?
The code of chivalry.
Why would the Vikings target monasteries?
Monasteries were often wealthy and poorly defended
How did the arrival of Germanic tribes affect Europe?
It led to the decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms in Europe.
What is a manor?
A large estate owned by a lord, which included villages and farmland.
At the time of the Roman Empire's collapse, what religion were most Europeans?
Pagans
What is the system where powerful local lords protected their homes and lands known as?
Feudalism.
What are sacraments?
Sacred rituals recognized as of particular importance and believed to confer grace
What were the Middle Ages?
Time period in European history from 5th to 15th century
• Also known as the Medieval Period
• Began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Many boys and young men from noble families trained to be warriors mounted on horseback. What were they called?
Knights
How would pagan people be converted to Christianity?
Through missionaries and the influence of local rulers who converted
Why did European lords build castles?
To provide protection and a residence for themselves and their vassals.
From Scandinavia, who were the boldest and most successful invaders?
Vikings
What was included in Charlemagne’s lasting legacy?
Established the groundwork for modern European countries
• Promoted Christianity throughout his empire
• Encouraged learning and preservation of classical texts
• Implemented administrative reforms
• Influenced art and architecture (Carolingian style)
• Inspired the idea of a unified European identity