Feudalism
A parcel of land that is given in exchange for protection/military service was known as...
A Fief
Where did the Bubonic Plague originate?
This city was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and lasted nearly 1,000 years after the Fall of Rome.
Constantinople
The need for the feudal system began due to the constant invasions of these people from Scandinavia.
The Vikings
What is a Guild?
An organization of tradesmen and artisans that practice the same trade or craft.
They offer formal trainings to people interested into entering their work field and they set the prices of goods/standards of the work.
The land in which the Lord was given was known as a ________ and this is where the economics of the feudal system would primarily take place.
The Manor.
List the ways a person could become infected with the Bubonic Plague.
A person could have got bitten by plague infested fleas.
Name of the famous church that Emperor Justinian I built in the 500s AD
Hagia Sofia
The 100 Years War between England and France was significant because...
It was the first time the use of gunpowder was used in a European war.
What is a Crusade?
It is a Holy War.
In this case, it is known as the military expeditions that European Christians took in the 11th through 13th centuries to reclaim the Holy Land (Jerusalem)
What is the order of the feudal hierarchy from most powerful to the least powerful (Top to Bottom)
Kings
Lords
Knights
Serfs
Medieval Christians believed that the plague was the _________ ____ __________ and was the punishment for their sins.
"Wrath of God"
They believed it was God punishing them for their sins. Like the plagues that was sent on Egypt in the book of Exodus. They believed that the plague was a divine punishment and did not understand how the plague spread.
A system of unified law that was developed under Justinian I which set a model for western governments in how they managed their law systems in the future.
The Justinian Code
Explain why a peasant would want to become a priest in the Roman Catholic Church.
As a serf, you were bound to the land and no matter how hard you worked, you could never move up in life. The wages were low, you had no education, and the food was terrible.
However as a member of the church clergy, you was paid a small salary, your meals were considerable better, you earned an education, and you had an opportunity to move up in the ranks of the Church. A simple priest could potentially become the Pope someday.
What is a Monarchy?
A ruler, a member of royalty who has inherited power
How did Feudalism fall? Please explain.
The Bubonic Plague killed 1 out of 3 people causing a massive labor shortage. This shortage led to serfs being able to demand more for their services.
The Crusades led to Kings gaining more authority and able to afford to pay standing armies. This allowed Kings to bypass the needs of their lords and consolidate more of their own power.
What is Bloodletting and why was it counterproductive to treating plague infested patients?
Bloodletting is the practice of draining someone's blood while they are sick because they believed their blood contained bad humors and the imbalance of humors is what caused a person to be sick.
Draining the blood was counterproductive because you were draining a person of their white blood cells. These cells help to attack and fight off infections. Therefore, you were weakening the immune system of the person who was receiving this treatment.
Plague Doctors would bloodlet so many people that their cloaks would be soaked in blood. They would unknowingly get others sick due to the contact and contamination of the instruments they used and the clothing they chose to wear.
The split between the Roman Catholic Church from the Old Western Roman Empire & The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) in 1054 AD over the use of Icons was known as...
(Bonus Points if you can name the two denominations of churches)
The Great Schism
(Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox)
First Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. United all of Central Europe for the 1st time since the Roman Empire.
CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF EUROPE...
Charlemagne
What does it mean to be Excommunicated?
It is the lost of church privileges.
Essentially they Pope would bar you from entering Heaven and any form of paradise in the afterlife.
Feudalism is the exchange of what goods and services?
Feudalism is the exchange of land for military protection.
List and explain some of the EFFECTIVE ways that Government and Medical officials used to prevent the spread of the Plague...
Eating the Pus of Buboes helped people build up antibodies to the disease and acted like a early form of a vaccine.
Forcing people to Quarantine within their homes or in secluded areas prevented people from spreading the plague through contact. Also Doctors and Morbers would have to quarantine due to their excessive contact with plague victims
Burning of plague infested items such as furniture was a way to sanitize/destroy those items to limit the spread.
Burying dead plague victims in their own secluded cemeteries would ensure that no one would come in contact with the bacteria.
The geography of Constantinople made it a prime spot for it to be the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine). How was the geography of Constantinople so advantageous?
Natural Defenses (Surrounded by water on three sides)
Set between two continents (Europe and Asia)
Was the final stop into Europe along the Silk Road and began very wealthy and a center of learning due to the exchange of ideas along trade routes.
The massive city Walls helped protect the city from land.
What was the significance of King John of England signing the Magna Carta?
It was the first time in history that a King's power was limited. It ensured that the King would be held to the same standards of the law as the common man would be. "NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW"
What is Chivalry?
the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood