Muslims
He is the founder of Islam, reportedly receiving the revealed word of God from the archangel Gabriel.
Who is Muhammed?
The type of environment mostly found in the region where Islam began
What is desert/ arid?
According to Renaissance historians, the Middle Ages started with the fall of this civilization in 476 AD
What is the (Western) Roman Empire?
The group from Central Asia known for establishing the largest land empire in history
Who are the Mongols?
The crusades were mostly a conflict between people of these two religions
What are Christianity and Islam?
This is the name of a Muslim place of worship.
What is a Mosque?
This title is given to the ruler of an Islamic caliphate
What is caliph?
This social class pledged loyalty and military service to lords in exchange for land.
What are knights?
This low social class formed the majority of Europe's population during the Middle Ages.
What are peasants?
This important city in the Holy Land was captured by the crusaders in 1099.
What is Jerusalem?
This is the name of the main holy text in Islam, believed to be the revealed word of God
What is the Quran?
This ethnic group (which the prophet belonged to) received special treatment under the Umayyad Caliphate
What are Arabs?
Later known as the French, these Germanic people later formed the Carolingian Empire
Who are the Franks?
Responsible for the death of one-third of Europe's population, the 14th century outbreak of bubonic plague is also known by this name.
What is the Black Death?
The French monk who played an important role in gathering support for the Second Crusade and was later sanctified
Who is St. Bernard?
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims must do this
What is to fast?
The title of a Muslim prayer leader (similar to a Christian priest)
What is an Imam?
The seafaring raiders who sailed across the north Atlantic and attacked monasteries
Who are Vikings (Norsemen)?
For most of the 1300s, this figure lived in the French city of Avignon, leading to great controversy and conflict.
Who is the Pope?
Members of this religion were the victims of increased persecution and attacks in Europe during the Crusades.
What is Judaism?
The holiest city in Islam, birthplace of the Prophet and destination of the pilgrimage known as the Hajj.
What is Mecca?
This area of southern Europe was partially controlled by Muslims until the Reconquista in 1492
What is Spain?
Often called the "Father of Europe," this ruler was named the first Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope.
Who is Charlemagne?
In 1066, William the Conqueror led this group of people to take over England, changing the government and language
Who are the Normans?
Soldiers from this Italian city (later the birthplace of Marco Polo) famously attacked the city of Constantinople in 1204
What is Venice?