Core Teachings
in Islam
in Islam
if you proclaim the shahada in faith, this makes you a Muslim. what two things need to be proclaimed according to this first pillar of Islam?
there is no god but Allah
and Muhammad is Allah's prophet
Feudal Society
these three cities make up the holy cities of Islam.
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
This is a violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group; particularly one aimed at Jews.
Pogrom
these two cultures inform Islam more than any others.
Arab and Persian
regular fasting is required in Islam, but especially during this holy month, where fasting happens everyday from sunrise to sunset.
Ramadan
An ideal civilized behavior: this new ethic married feudal passions for war with Christian values, so as to temper the behaviors of the old Roman Empire. What is this called?
Chivalry
this dynasty saw the Golden Age of Islam: an explosion of learning, culture, art, science, and literature
the Abbasid Dynasty
This was the holy order that remained in the region of the Middle East during the Crusades. They were monks who knew swordplay and became a vastly wealthy order from all the plunder they kept. Later they were disbanded after persecution in France.
Knights Templar or Knights Hospitallers
Muhammad in the Quran permits a fair and defensive warfare that later Muslim leaders would use to spread Islam across the world. Literally, this means "struggle in the way of God" and can also refer to spiritual warfare. What is this called?
jihad
Islamic scholars developed a law code to provide muslims with a set of principals to regulate their lives. What is this law code called?
Shariah
A worldview based upon the method of instruction that compared the bible with other works to see where they contradicted or agreed. These bacame teachings in the church, such as Geocentrism. What worldview and method called?
Scholasticism
What is the name of all four Crusader States that were established to keep European control over the region?
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Edessa
Antioch
Tripoli
What was the name of the pope that proclaimed all would be forgiven of all sins if they go on Crusade to fight against the Muslims?
Pope Urban II
Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. The event marks year 1 on the Islamic calendar. What is this event called?
the Hijrah
All Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once in their lifetime if they are physically and financially capable. What is this pilgrimage called?
Hajj
This natural disaster killed almost one-third of the population in four years. And because they were powerless to stop it, it lead to a loss of crediblity and power for the church. What was this?
the Bubonic Plague
the Islamic community is split into two major sections because of the idea regarding who should lead the community. What are these sections called?
Shia: Muslims who accept only the descendants of Muhammad as the true rulers of Islam.
Sunni: Muslims leaders that do not have to be related to the prophet.
What are the three goals for Crusade according to Pope Urban II?
1. Love your Neighbor as Yourself
2. Free Jerusalem and check Muslim expansion
3. Reunite western and eastern churches
this was the name of the Mosque in Jerusalem that Muhammad went to during his vision of heaven.
Al-Aqsa or Dome of the Rock
During their pilgrimage to Mecca, all muslims are required to wear a special outfit made of 2-sheets of white cloth, since all are considered equal. What is this article of clothing called?
the Ihram
From 1378 till 1417, the Papacy left Rome and resided at France. What is this called?
The Great Schism
He was the Sultan that took Jerusalem back from the Christians, and in the process sparked the Third Crusade. Although, he was not a Turk, but an Egyptian. What's his name?
Saladin
What was the goal for Emperor Alexius I? Why did he want a Crusade?
He hoped by taking back Jerusalem, this would weaking the Turk hold on Asia Minor; taking back all of the area that is Turkey today.
What are the 3-reasons we mentioned regarding why Mecca rejected Muhammad's teachings.
1. Economic Reasons: An overhaul of trade at Mecca because of Islamic monotheism. Mecca sold religious icons of polytheisitic gods before Muhammad.
2. Social Reasons: The criticism of Muhammad against the wealthy elites, who took advantage of the poor.
3. Religious Reasons: Mecca was polytheistic and Islam would require an overhaul of Mecca's established religous traditions.