Historical Background
Parallel Organum
Free Organum
Melismatic Organum
Writers & Manuscripts
100
This emperor was crowned in 800 AD.
Who is Charlemagne?
100
Century in which this form was first clearly described.
What was the 9th Century?
100
Century in which this form was used.
What was the 11th Century?
100
Century in which this form was used; known also as "the age of the Cathedrals."
What was the 12th Century?
100
Oldest large collection of two-part music in Europe dated circa 1000 AD.
What is the Winchester Troper?
200
Lasting until the end of the 10th century, it saw the initial decline of the Holy Roman Empire.
What was the Dark Ages?
200
Latin for plainsong melody to which a second voice was added.
What is Vox principalis?
200
The three predominate intervals.
What are 4th, 5th and octave?
200
Another term for melismatic organum.
What is Sustained-tone organum?
200
He wrote a treatise which has an early reference to part singing about 640-709 AD.
Who is Bishop Aldhelm?
300
The final schism between the Eastern and Western Churches occurred in this year.
What was 1054 AD?
300
The second voice that was doubled a fourth below the plainsong melody.
What is Vox organalis?
300
The plainsong voice which is sung in figurative language. It literally means to turn direction.
What is a trope?
300
"Acquitainian Polyphony" originated at this school.
What is Saint Martial in Limoges, France?
300
His writings describe the countrapuntal techniques attained by the early 12th century.
Who is John Cotton?
400
The Norman Conquest of England occurred in this year.
What was 1066 AD?
400
Either or both voices which are doubled at the octave.
What is Composite organum?
400
The voice added above the plainsong.
What is the Organal voice?
400
Latin term meaning singing apart from the plainsong as in the melismatic form.
What is descant?
400
His writings on organum were written during 995-1050 AD.
Who is Guido d'Arezzo?
500
The year of the First Crusade.
What was 1096 AD?
500
Starting and ending point for both voices.
What is unison?
500
Latin expression meaning note against note. It was also the origin of the term counterpoint.
What is punctus contra punctum?
500
The school where rhythmic modes were developed.
What is Notre Dame?
500
During the 9th Century the two handbooks that gave the first clear description and established rules for polyphony.
What are Musica and Scholia Enchiriadis?
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