The Plague
How much of Europe was killed from the pague?
30-60% (1/3 of the population)
Who ate better - nobles or peasants?
Nobles
What were the crusades?
A battle between Christians and Muslims to gain power over the Holy Land
At what age was a noble's son sent to begin his knight training?
7 or 8
Who were castles home to?
Nobles, their families and servants
Name one of the most common symptoms of the plague:
painful lymph nodes (called buboes) fever, headache, chills, and weakness
Describe a house of the rich
Made of stone/brick, thatched roofs - sometimes a castle, peasants built it
What is the "Holy Land"
Israel/Jerusalem - the area in which Christians believe God shares his purpose and where Muslims believe Mohammed rose
What was the code of honour?
Chivalry - being brave/courageous, loyalty and honour
Why were castles built? And where?
To protect a noble and show their power. They were often built on hills/cliffs to easily see enemies approaching
What was the cause of the plague?
Infected fleas transmitting it to people - primarily on rats
How did peasants get a house?
How many Crusades were there? And how long did they last?
4 of them that lasted over 100 years altogether.
At what age could a knight become a squire?
What were some designs castles had that warded off enemies?
Moats, gates, machicolations, crenels/merlons
Name 3 ways people warded off sickness?
Quarantine, herbs, perfumes, burning, masks
Describe the role of nobles, lords and peasants
Lords oversaw the manor affairs, nobles (knights) did training to protect the manor and peasants did the labour to ensure the manor operated. They had the least rights/money
What was a knight's role in the crusade?
To fight for their people to gain control of the Holy Land and take it away from their enemy. The church called on them to assist?
What were some ways to train?
Jousting, and hunting/archery
What are 2 ways invaders attacked?
Surprise attacks/direct attacks (sieges)
What ethnic group did people believe were the cause of the plague?
The Jews
Describe what a typical manor looked like or included
Near a water source, there was a tannery, blacksmith, church, a pasture
What were some positives that came from the Crusades?
- arrival of armed knights
- knowledge Europeans gained from Muslim scholars
- Advances in learning - scientifically, philosophically and religiously
- trade
How much could a full set of armour weigh?
Close to 70 pounds (77lbs)
What are 2 invasion/defense tactics?
Dropping boiling water on enemies, battering ram, catapult, flaming arrows, flinging dead animals