Notes: 1
Why do historians use the term "Middle Ages" to refer to this time period?
Occurred between ancient history and modern history
The Crusades were wars fought between Christians and Muslims for control of this sacred region.
The Holy Land
Why did Christianity spread during the Middle Ages?
When did the Middle Ages take place?
500-1500
code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
chivalry
In the feudal system, what was the primary purpose of a 'fief'?
A plot of land given to a vassal in exchange for military service.
Which event led to King Henry IV standing barefoot in the snow to seek forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII?
His excommunication by the Pope
Many people at the time mistakenly believed the plague was caused by:
Punishment from God
For how many years did the Hundred Years' War last?
116 years
wandering poet in Europe during the Middle Ages
troubadour
Signed in 1215, this 'Great Charter' established that even the King had to follow the law.
Magna Carta
What was the main goal of the Reconquista in Spain?
To take Spain back from the Moors
These associations of specialized workers regulated the quality of goods and protected their members in growing towns.
Guilds
New agricultural inventions led to a food surplus, trade increased, many peasants left manors for towns
a peasant bound to the lord's land
serf
Which set of rules outlined that monks and nuns should live without personal possessions and remain in their communities?
Benedictine Rule
How did the Black Death contribute to the end of the manor system?
This 17-year-old girl inspired French troops during the Hundred Years' War before being captured and killed by the English.
Joan of Arc
Describe feudalism
A noble who gave fiefs to knights was known as a lord, while a knight who pledged his loyalty to a lord in exchange for land was called a vassal. This exchange became known as feudalism. Serfs and peasants were allowed to live and farm on the land in exchange for food for the lord or knight.
sparsely populated, underdeveloped area on the outskirts of a civilization
frontier
In 800, this Pope's crowning of Charlemagne established the idea that the Church could grant political power by crowning Charlemagne Emperor.
Pope Leo III
How did the Hundred Years' War change the power of Parliament in England?
It became more powerful because the king needed its permission to raise funds for war.
There were a total of 8 official crusades that took place between what years?
1095-1270
Who was the Duke of Normandy who became the King of England in 1066?
William the Conqeuror
agents of Emperor Charlemagne who traveled throughout the empire to check on the conditions of roads, listen to grievances, and see that justice was done
missi domenici