Arabs
The Arabic word for "God."
What is Allah?
This title is given to the ruler of an Islamic caliphate.
What is caliph?
This term has often been used to refer to the early Middle Ages since the Renaissance, falling into disuse among recent historians
What is the "Dark Ages"?
This ruler is usually referred to by the title given to him in 1206, meaning something like "Ruler of the Earth"
Who is Genghis Khan (Temujin)?
Responsible for the death of one-third of Europe's population, the 14th century outbreak of bubonic plague is also known by this name.
What is the Black Death?
He is the founder of Islam, reportedly receiving the revealed word of God from the archangel Gabriel.
Who is Muhammed?
This city was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, hosting a famous center for learning.
What is Baghdad?
This one-eyed god is the ruler of the Aesir and is also known by his names "All-Father" and "Gallows God."
Who is Odin?
The holy city captured by Christians during the First Crusade.
What is Jerusalem?
This social class saw the most mobility toward the end of the plague due to the need for labor
What are peasants/ serfs?
The central text of Islam, believed to be the revealed word of God and seen as one of the finest works written in Arabic
What is the Quran?
This caliphate gave special privileges to Arabs and was known for its vast conquests of new territory.
What is the Umayyad Caliphate?
Often called the "Father of Europe," this ruler was King of the Franks and was the first Holy Roman Emperor.
Who is Charlemagne?
The name for the division between Catholicism (based in Rome) and Orthodoxy (based in Constantinople) in 1054
What is the Great Schism?
Joan of Arc was a combatant in The Hundred Years War, a conflict fought between these two European kingdoms.
What are England and France?
He was the son-in-law of the Prophet, whose followers later formed the sect of Shia Islam.
The Abbasid downfall began with an overreliance on Turkish soldiers, originally from this expansive, grassy region of central Asia
What is the Steppe?
The sea-faring peoples known as Vikings can more accurately be referred to by this name
What is Norsemen (or Northmen)?
Peter the Hermit led this unofficial segment of the First Crusade in 1096, ending in total failure
What is the People's Crusade?
This type of armor (sometimes known as a "suit of armor") began commonly used during the Hundred Years War
What is plate, or full plate?
The holiest city in Islam, birthplace of the Prophet and destination of the pilgrimage known as the Hajj.
What is Mecca?
This Islamic empire, starting in central Asia, quickly conquered a vast territory, leading to the start of the First Crusade
Who is the Seljuk Empire?
This young ruler was the last person to hold the title of Roman Emperor in the West
Who was Romulus "Augustulus"?
At the Council of Clermont in 1095, he preached that all able-bodied Christians should travel to the Holy Land to remove Muslim forces.
Who is Pope Urban II?
The flagellants were a religious movement during the plague who sought God's forgiveness by doing this
What is self-flagellation (whipping)?