Leaders
Who united the Mongol tribes and became their first great leader?
Genghis Khan
What does “nomadic” mean?
Moving from place to place without a permanent home.
What major trade route did the Mongols help protect?
The Silk Road
Name one positive effect of Mongol rule.
Increased trade and communication.
What animal was essential to Mongol life and warfare?
The Horse
What leadership quality made Genghis Khan successful in uniting tribes?
He promoted soldiers based on ability, not family ties.
What is the “steppe”?
A vast, grassy plain in Central Asia.
Name one product traded along the Silk Road.
Silk, spices, gold, or porcelain.
Name one negative effect of Mongol conquests.
Destruction of cities or spread of disease.
What communication system did the Mongols create for fast message delivery?
The Yam system (relay postal stations)
What was Genghis Khan’s real name?
Temüjin
What does “Pax Mongolica” refer to?
A time of peace and stability under Mongol rule.
Who was the European traveler who visited Kublai Khan’s court?
Marco Polo
How did Mongol rule influence cultural exchange?
It allowed ideas, goods, and religions to spread.
What type of weapon did Mongol warriors famously use?
The composite bow
Which Mongol leader conquered China and established the Yuan Dynasty?
Kublai Khan
What is a “network”?
A system of connections or relationships linking people or places.
How did the Mongols make travel safer?
They protected merchants and travelers along routes.
What happened to many cities that resisted Mongol conquest?
They were destroyed
What was one way the Mongols adapted to different regions they conquered?
They adopted local customs or government systems.
What was the title given to Mongol rulers meaning “universal ruler”?
Khan
Define “tolerance” in the context of Mongol rule.
Acceptance of different religions and cultures.
What technology or idea spread along trade routes under Mongol rule?
Gunpowder, paper, printing, or the Black Death.
Why do historians debate the Mongol legacy?
Because the Mongols were both destructive conquerors and promoters of global connections.
Which modern-day countries were once part of the Mongol Empire?
China, Russia, Iran, parts of Eastern Europe, and the Middle East.