People
The Prophet of Allah, who traveled from Mecca to Medina to unite Jews and Arabs.
Who is Muhammad?
Belief that there is no God but Allah.
What is Faith?
Muslims from birth.
What is First Class?
Ruled from 661-750 AD and was overthrown by rebel groups.
What is the Umayyad Empire?
The Prophet Muhammad was born here.
What is Mecca?
A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government.
Who are caliphs?
Muslims do this five times daily as a means of worship.
What is Prayer?
Converts to Islam.
What is Second Class?
Ruled from 750-1258 AD and was destroyed by Mongol invasions.
What is the Abbasid Empire?
The holy book of Islam.
What is the Qur'an?
The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad.
Who are Shi'a?
Eating only one meal per day after sunset during Ramadan.
What is Fasting?
Slaves, prisoners of war, and non-Muslims.
What is Fourth Class?
Ruled by Suleyman the Lawgiver and had a military edge over other empires.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
The art of beautiful handwriting.
What is Calligraphy?
The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four Caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad.
Who are Sunni?
Giving money to the poor through a religious tax.
What is Alms?
"Protected People" due to shared foundational beliefs.
What is Third Class?
Ruled by Shah Abbas and had a cultural edge over other empires.
What is the Safavid Empire?
This cycle drafted and converted young Christian boys into "Janissaries."
What is Devshirme?
A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means.
Who are Sufi?
Performing the Hajj to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
What is Pilgrimage?
Enjoyed more economic and property rights than their European counterparts.
Women
This empire began fading around 1300 AD due to the spread of Islam.
What is the Byzantine Empire?
This institute operates as a library, academy, and translation center.
What is The House of Wisdom?