Fascia, Spaces, and viscera
what is contained within the carotid sheath?
common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, vagus n., deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve, and sympathetic nerve fibers
what is the motor division of the cervical plexus?
ansa cervicalis (giving off innervation to sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid)
Phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5)
what action does the medial and lateral pterygoid do?
-protrudes and elevates mandible to move it laterally
-protrudes and depresses mandible to move it laterally
what are the muscles of mastication supplied and innervated by?
-maxillary artery
-maxillary branch of trigeminal nervewhat are the pulse points of the face?
what type of cartilage is the thyroid cartilage? what does it form anteriorly?
-hyaline cartilage
-laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)
what are the carotid sinus and body important receptors of?
-sinus: baroreceptor to BP
-body: chemoreceptor for O2 and CO2
what is the muscle most medial that helps in elevating the lip?
levator labii superioris
what is the cutaneous innervation of the posterior skull?
greater occipital nerve (C2) and third occipital nerve (C3)
what veins come together to form the internal jugular foramen and external jugular foramen?
-anterior retromandibular with facial
-posterior retromandibular with posterior auricular
what does torticollis/wry-neck cause?
head tilt toward and face to turn away from affected side
why is the right internal jugular vein preferred during a vein puncture?
larger and straighter than left
what muscle(s) would be used to make a pouting face?
mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, or depressor anguli oris)
what nerves are associated with parotid plexus?
facial nerve branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical)
(posterior auricular also comes off facial, but does not go through parotid gland)
what foramen does inferior alveolar run inside and exit through?
mandibular foramen and mental foramen
what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, anterior border of SCM
what are the branches of the 1st part of subclavian artery?
vertebral, internal thoracic, and thyrocervical (transverse cervical, suprascapular, inferior thyroid, and ascending cervical)
what muscles would be used to draw the eyebrow medially and inferiorly?
procerus and transverse part of nasalis or corrugator supercilii
what nerve is involved when patient symptoms are hyperacusis, ptosis, loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, and weakness or paralysis of facial muscles?
facial nerve CN VII
what are the branches of external carotid artery?
superficial temporal, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, pharyngeal, maxillary, superior thyroid
what is a subtotal thyroidectomy?
removal of a lobe, isthmus, and part of the other lobe
what are the symptoms of damage to cervical presynaptic sympathetic chain?
miosis (contraction of pupil)
ptosis (drooping of superior eyelid)
enopthalmos (sinking of eye)
anhydrosis (absence of sweating on neck and face)
what muscle retracts the lips to widen the mouth while grinning or grimacing?
risorius
An elderly man presented with severe pain beneath the left eye, radiating into the lower eyelid, lateral side of the nose and upper lip. What nerve was involved?
infraorbital nerve or maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
what are the branches of maxillary artery?
1st: deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, accessory meningeal
2nd: masseteric, pterygoid, deep temporal, buccal
3rd: sphenopalatine, descending palatine, infraorbital, posterior superior alveolar, artery to pterygoid canal, pharyngeal