Central Nervous System
What two parts make up the central nervous system?
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the main role of the peripheral nervous system?
To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
What part of the brain is for balance
The cerebellum
What is the basic job of a neuron?
A neuron’s job is to carry messages in the body.
What is a hormone?
A hormone is a chemical that travels through the blood to help control things like mood, growth, and sleep.
What liquid cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord?
Cerebrospinal fluid is the liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord.
Which division of the PNS controls voluntary muscle movement?
The somatic nervous system.
Why is the brain important to the nervous system?
It serves as the body's control and information processing centre
What are the three main parts of a neuron?
The three main parts are the cell body, dendrites, and axon.
What is a neurotransmitter?
A neurotransmitter is a chemical that helps brain cells (neurons) talk to each other quickly.
What is the difference between grey matter and white matter in the CNS?
Grey matter processes information, while white matter carries messages.
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
Involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
What part of the brain is responsible for the sense touch
The parietal lobe
How do neurons pass messages to each other?
Neurons pass messages using tiny electrical signals and chemicals across gaps called synapses.
What’s the difference between a hormone and a neurotransmitter?
Neurotransmitters work fast in the brain; hormones work slower and travel through the blood to the whole body.
Why is damage to the spinal cord often permanent?
Spinal cord injuries are often permanent because the nerves cannot heal.
Which type of neuron carries sensory information to the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons.
What role does the hippocampus play in the nervous system?
It helps form and store long-term memories, especially those linked to facts and events.
What is the role of myelin on an axon?
Myelin covers the axon and makes messages travel faster.
How do neurotransmitters and hormones affect feelings?
They help control emotions like happiness, stress, and fear by changing how the brain and body respond.
Explain how electrical and chemical signals work together to allow neurons in the CNS to communicate?
Nerves send electrical signals, which release chemicals to pass messages to the next nerve.
Which cells help regenerate damaged peripheral nerves?
Schwann cells.
How does the prefrontal cortex influence the autonomic nervous system during stress?
The prefrontal cortex regulates the autonomic nervous system during stress by exerting top-down control over emotional and physiological responses, helping to balance sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
Explain the difference between sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
Sensory neurons carry signals from the body to the brain, motor neurons carry signals from the brain to muscles, and interneurons connect neurons inside the brain and spinal cord.
Can a chemical act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?
Yes, like norepinephrine, which sends fast signals in the brain and also acts as a hormone to help the body handle stress.