Neuron Structure
What are simple clusters of neurons that process information?
ganglia
Includes the _____ and _____
brain, spinal chord
What are the two neurons of the PNS?
afferent and efferent neurons
The opening of _____ converts chemical potential to electrical potential
ion channels
What joins with the spinal cord at the base of the brain?
brainstem
What is a long extension that transmits signals to other cells and what is it protected by?
axon
myelin sheath
The CNS develops from the hollow ______
nerve cord
The __________ regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and is usually involuntary
autonomic nervous system
The buildup of negative charge within the ____ is the major source of membrane potential
neuron
What is the largest structure in the brain and list some of its functions
cerebrum
language, cognition, memory, consciousness, awareness of surroundings
What is the junction between an axon and another cell?
synapse
What supplies the CNS with nutrients and hormones and carries away waste?
cerebrospinal fluid
Which division deals with "rest and digest" functions?
parasympathetic
Action potentials travel towards ______
synaptic terminals
The structure most important for the storage of emotions is _____
amygdala
What is the unwrapped area of an neuron called?
the node of Ranvier
The spinal cord conveys information to and from the brain and generates basic patterns of ______
locomotion
The motor system carries signals to ____ and is voluntary
skeletal muscles
If a depolarization shifts the membrane potential sufficiently, it results in a massive change in membrane voltage called an _______
action potential
The core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called ...?
the reticular formation
motor neurons
The spinal chord also produces _____ independently of the brain
reflexes
The sympathetic division regulates ....?
arousal and energy generation ("fight or flight")
Action potential:
During the _____ phase, the threshold is crossed and the membrane potential increases
rising
What forms endocrine tissues in the brain?
diencephalon