Vocabulary
Financial crisis in the United States that started a major depression which lasted until the mid-1840s and was a reason why the U.S. did not annex Texas right away.
Panic of 1837
The leader of the council of the Cherokee peoples of East Texas, he would negotiate a peace treaty with Sam Houston that was later rejected by the Texas Senate.
Chief Bowles
Provided the terms by which the war between Mexico and Texas was officially ended and set the Texas border at the Rio Grande River.
Treaties of Velasco
Which European immigrant groups came to Texas?
Germans, French, Irish, Polish, and Czech.
What caused the paper currency of the Republic to be devalued?
A lack of gold and silver reserves
Continuous economic instability
A quickly accumulating national debt
manifest destiny
The idea that the United States was destined by God to expand across the entire North American continent.
Known as the “Father of Texas Education,” he was also the 1st vice president and the 2nd president of Texas.
Mirabeau B. Lamar
Stephen F. Austin, Sam Houston, and Henry Smith were the candidates. Sam Houston won by a large majority.
Election of 1836
What was life like in the Texas Republic for Texas Indians?
Native Americans faced discrimination and few Texans wanted to live peacefully with them. They were viewed as enemies who had to be eliminated and violence often broke out between Texas settlers and Native Americans.
What was the Regulator-Moderator War, and how did Sam Houston end it?
Began as a feud over fake land certificates. Violence broke out between two bands of outlaws known as the Regulators and the Moderators. People were ambushed and shot. Judges were threatened, and prisoners hanged without trial. Houses were burned, and people were left homeless.
In August 1844 President Houston sent soldiers to stop the feud. These troops arrested the leaders of each side of the conflict, ending the Regulator-Moderator War.
The Treaties of Velasco
Officially ended the Texas Revolution and stated the terms Texas demanded of Mexico.
He was responsible for creating the blueprint for the layout and capitol complex of the state capitol in Austin, Texas.
Edwin Waller
In October 1844 Sam Houston and Chief Buffalo Hump of the Penateka Comanches met and signed an agreement that established peace and trade between the two groups.
Treaty of Tehuacana Creek
What was life like in the Texas Republic for Tejanos?
Tejanos often faced hostility from U.S. immigrants. Tejanos were seen as Mexican and faced discrimination, had their property stolen, or were forced to flee.
How did President Lamar address the need for a public education system in the Republic?
Lamar championed acts passed in 1839 and 1840 which set aside lands in each county for the establishment of public schools for elementary and secondary aged children.
He also drove a law passed by the Congress that set aside 231,400 acres for public universities
The Cordova Rebellion
Tired of poor treatment and hostility from Texas settlers, in 1838 a group of Tejanos led by Vicente Cordova and their Indian allies attempted to drive out all Anglos from Texas.
The celebrated hero who had won the Texas Revolution and was the 1st and 3rd president of Texas.
Sam Houston
After a Comanche raiding party struck the settlements of Linnville and Victoria, killing more than 20 settlers, burning houses, and stealing livestock, Texans called for revenge against the Comanche raiders. A force of volunteers, regular soldiers, and Texas Rangers set out for battle on August 11, 1840. During this battle, more than 130 Comanches were killed.
Battle of Plum Creek
What was life like in the Texas Republic for African Americans?
Life for slaves was hard. Many worked long hours in cotton fields. Slaves had no legal right to property, marriage, or to have a family.
Free African Americans faced discrimination, had their property taken, or were forced to leave Texas.
They were officially founded in 1835 and were modeled after the militia that protected Stephen F. Austin’s colony.
Texas Rangers
Annexation
The addition of a territory or state into another territory or country.
He was the last president of Texas.
Anson Jones
In 1839 Lamar ordered the Cherokees to leave Texas. When they refused, Lamar sent some 500 soldiers led by Kelsey Douglass to force them to go. By the end of this battle, more than 100 Cherokees lay dead, including Chief Bowles.
Battle of Neches
What were the major challenges of the New Republic?
An economic crisis because of national debt.
Conflicts between settlers and Native Americans.
Unrest and instability along the Texas frontier.
Poorly defined national boundaries.
Establishing a capital city.
Consisted of the Invincible, the Brutus, and the Independence. After losing two vessels and having the other destroyed by Mexico, by the fall of 1837, it was no more.
The Texas Navy