I'm the Map!
Mapping the New World
Mapping the New World
In a 1636 European map of the area around the Chesapeake Bay, a large section is marked "Powhatan." For an English colonist who had been given this map, what would that mean about this area?
Avoid or be careful of this area since the English and Powhatan considered each other enemies at this time.
Miantonomo wanted his people and other tribes to join together "as one as the English are" to keep this from happening to them.
Starvation due to the destruction of their food sources by the English.
This New World crop radically boosted the population in Europe, especially Ireland.
Potatoes
The biggest impact of the Columbian Exchange on Native populations in the New World was this.
Disease.
The roles of men and women in a society fall under this part of SPICE.
Social.
In a 1651 map of the Chesapeake Bay area, the area formerly labeled "Powhatan" in the 1636 map is labeled "Virginia." The reason for this change is most likely this.
The Powhatan had either been killed or moved to reservations by English colonists and the land had been taken over by the English.
King Philip Metacom's father and Chief Powhatan had this in common.
Both wanted to make peace with the English.
China was so deeply impacted by this New World crop that it soon made up 1/10th of its grain supply.
Maize (corn).
The introduction of European cattle to the New World had this effect.
Destroying large portions of land through grazing and defecation.
"There was a time when our people covered the land as the waves of a wind-ruffled sea cover its shell-paved floor, but that time long since passed away with the greatness of tribes that are now but a mournful memory. I will not dwell on, nor mourn over, our untimely decay, nor reproach my paleface brothers with hastening it, as we, too, may have been somewhat to blame." - Chief Seattle, Duwamesh Tribe, 1854
Who is the audience of this speech? What key word(s) tell us this?
Native Americans. Key words: our, we
Due to a misconception, in 1651, the English thought that if they traveled across the colony of Virginia, they would find this on the other side.
The "Sea of China." (The Pacific Ocean)
The 1651 European map of the Chesapeake Bay area shows the result of Powhatan's attempts at making peace with the English was (successful/unsuccessful) because _________________________.
Unsuccessful because the land is now called Virginia showing that all natives have been killed or removed from the area.
This was the only New World animal able to thrive in the Old World.
Turkeys.
An unintended side-effect of the transportation of European grains and crops to the New World was the spread of this in the New World.
Weeds.
"Gold is a treasure, and he who possesses it does all he wishes to in this world, and succeeds in helping souls into paradise." - Christopher Columbus
POV: Columbus' values in this quote imply that he believes in this economic philosophy.
Mercantilism.
Based on the 1636 map of the Chesapeake Bay area, what are three major things that would have been of concern to a new English colonist in the area.
*Local hostile Native American tribes like the Powhatan
*Sources of hunting/food
*Native hunting and fishing grounds
*The safe colony of Jamestown
*English shipping and water transportation areas
Both Miantonomo and King Philip complained specifically about this result of the Columbian Exchange in their speeches.
Cows and other English livestock spoiling Native land.
Demand for these two major items from the New World by the rich in the Old World also boosted the demand for slaves in the Americas.
Tobacco and sugar.
Many Europeans who explored the Americas after first contact found what they considered an untouched "paradise." Why did parts of the the land seem "untouched?"
Diseases brought by Europeans moved faster than they did and wiped out many Native populations before they ever contacted Europeans.
“Strangely [the Natives] have decreased by the Hand of God… and it ha[s] generally been observed that where the English come to settle, a Divine Hand makes way for them.” -Daniel Denton, English colonist, 1640s, Massachusetts colonies
Given that the source of this document was __________________________, the author's purpose was probably to ________________________________. Therefore, the author may have (exaggerated/downplayed/omitted)_____________________________________________ because ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Given that the source of this document was an English colonist, the author's purpose was probably to make it seem like the English have a right to the land in the New World. Therefore, the author may have omitted the role of the English in causing the deaths of the Natives through disease because he wanted to take the blame off the English and make it look like God's plan to give the English the land.
These are three major changes in how the English viewed/interacted with the New World revealed by the 1651 map of the Chesapeake Bay area.
*They had driven out the Powhatan and other tribes and taken over most of the area
*They believed the New World was smaller than it was (they believed the Pacific was on the other side of Virginia)
*They had cleared much of the land of trees for building/constructing
*They had encountered many new types of animals
*They had expanded their shipping routes
Based on the words of Miantonomo, King Philip, Powhatan, and John Lawson himself, is John Lawson a typical English colonist? Explain.
No, John Lawson is not typical. Most English colonists seem like they don't care at all about the Natives and have no problem taking their land and goods while Lawson feels guilty and wants to stop treating the Natives badly.
West Africa took in ________________ from the New World and sent ________________ to the New World.
Cassava, Slaves.
The desire of rich people in the Old World for crops grown in the New World like tobacco and sugar had this effect in West Africa.
Many millions of slaves were brought from West Africa to the New World to harvest these crops.
“For the natives, they are near all dead of the smallpox, so the Lord hath cleared our title [proof of ownership] to what we possess.” - John Winthrop, governor of the Massachusetts colonies, Boston, 1634
Given that the audience of this document was ________________________, the author may have (exaggerated/downplayed/omitted) __________________________________________ because __________________________________________
Given that the audience of this document was other English colonists, the author may have downplayed or omitted the role of the English in causing the smallpox outbreak among the Natives because he wanted to make it seem like God had caused the deaths of the Natives to give the English the land guilt-free.