Heart to Heart
Breathe if You Know the Answer
Neuron to Be Wild
Hormone Alone
Homeo-Stasis Quo
100

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

100

What structure is the main site of gas exchange?

Alveoli

100

What structure insulates the axon?

Myelin sheath

100

Which gland produces insulin?

Pancreas

100

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining internal balance

200

What structure prevents blood backflow?

Valves

200

What gas moves from alveoli into blood?

Oxygen

200

What type of signal travels through neurons?

Electrical impulses

200

What hormone lowers blood glucose?

Insulin

200

Name ONE body system involved in homeostasis.

Nervous/endocrine/circulatory/respiratory

300

Explain why the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.

Required key points:

  • Pumps blood to the entire body
  • Requires more force/pressure
300

Explain ONE adaptation of alveoli that improves gas exchange.

Required key points:

  • Thin walls OR
  • Large surface area OR
  • Rich blood supply
300

Explain why damaged myelin slows nervous responses.

Required key points:

  • Signal transmission disrupted
  • Impulses slower/less coordinated
300

Explain how insulin helps maintain homeostasis.

Required key points:

  • Cells take in glucose
  • Blood glucose decreases
  • Internal balance maintained
300

Explain why sweating helps maintain homeostasis.

Required key points:

  • Evaporation removes heat
  • Body temperature decreases
400

A blockage occurs in a coronary artery. Predict the main effect on the body.

Required key points:

  • Reduced oxygen to the heart muscle
  • Heart damage/heart attack possible
400

A patient has emphysema and damaged alveoli. Explain how this affects cellular respiration.

Required key points:

  • Less gas exchange
  • Less oxygen in the blood
  • Less ATP production
400

Nicotine affects dopamine release. Identify TWO possible effects on the body.

Required key points:
Possible answers:

  • Increased alertness
  • Faster reaction time
  • Addiction/reward pathway activation
400

A person cannot produce enough insulin. Predict TWO physiological effects.

Required key points:

  • High blood glucose
  • Fatigue
  • Increased urination/thirst
  • Diabetes-related effects
400

A student is stranded in a hot desert. Identify ONE gland and TWO body responses involved in maintaining homeostasis.

Required key points:

  • Sweat glands/hypothalamus
  • Sweating
  • Increased thirst
  • Vasodilation
500

Describe the full pathway of blood through the heart, starting at the vena cava.

Required key points:
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

500

During intense exercise, breathing rate increases. Explain the physiological reason for this response.

Required key points:

  • More oxygen needed
  • More CO₂ removal needed
  • Increased cellular respiration
500

Compare hormones and neurotransmitters using TWO similarities and TWO differences.

Required key points:
Similarities:

  • Chemical messengers
  • Help maintain homeostasis

Differences:

  • Speed
  • Method of transport
  • Duration of effect
500

During stress, the adrenal glands release hormones. Explain how this helps the body respond quickly.

Required key points:

  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased blood glucose
  • Faster reactions
  • Fight-or-flight response
500

Explain how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis.

Required key points:

  • Nervous = fast signals
  • Endocrine = slower hormonal regulation
  • Coordinate body responses together
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