Pain Syndromes
In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the WHO analgesic ladder to provide adequate pain relief for cancer patients. Tramadol comes at what step of the original ladder:
A. 1st step
B. 2nd step
C. 3rd step
D. 4th step
B. 2nd step
“Worst headache of life” suggests:
A. Migraine
B. Tension headache
C. Sinusitis
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
First neurological sign of local anesthetic toxicity (LAST).
A. Seizures
B. Visual loss
C. Perioral numbness/metallic taste
D. Coma
C. Perioral numbness/metallic taste
1mg of IV Morphine is equal to:
A. 4mg oral Morphine
B. 2mg IV Nalbuphine
C. 10 mg of IV Tramadol
D. 10 mg of IV fentanyl
C. 10 mg of IV Tramadol
Triad of spinal epidural abscess.
A. Back pain, fever, neuro deficits
B. Numbness, vomiting, rash
C. Chest pain, diaphoresis, pallor
D. Pain, cough, wheezing
A. Back pain, fever, neuro deficits
Most serious early complication of an interscalene block:
A. Pneumothorax
B. Horner’s syndrome
C. Phrenic nerve palsy
D. Hypotension
C. Phrenic nerve palsy
Disorder causing electric shock-like facial pain:
A. Migraine
B. Trigeminal neuralgia
C. Cluster headache
D. TMJ dysfunction
B. Trigeminal neuralgia
NSAID considered safest for cardiovascular risk:
A. Ketorolac
B. Naproxen
C. Celecoxib
D. Piroxicam
B. Naproxen
Tennis elbow involves which structure?
A. Medial epicondyle
B. Biceps tendon
C. Lateral epicondyle
D. Supraspinatus tendon
C. Lateral epicondyle
CRPS Type II differs from Type I by:
A. More swelling
B. Nerve injury confirmed
C. No allodynia
D. Faster recovery
B. Nerve injury confirmed
Drug binding α2δ calcium channel subunit:
A. Lamotrigine
B. Pregabalin
C. Valproate
D. Levetiracetam
B. Pregabalin
Drug class with an analgesic “ceiling effect.”
A. Opioids
B. NSAIDs
C. Ketamine
D. Corticosteroids
B. NSAIDs