INTELLECTUAL DISORDERS
_____ and ______ are two major categories of patients with neurological disabilities that us dental professionals see in standard dental settings
Down Syndrome and Autism disorder
t/f: Children and young adults often have fewer dental caries?
TRUE: Children and young adults with Down syndrome often have fewer dental caries. Factors that may contribute include:
Delayed eruption
Smaller-sized teeth (with easier to clean spaces)
Diet supervision intended to reduce tendency toward obesity; limitation of cariogenic foods and beverages.
T/F: Except when a diagnosis of ASD has a comorbid diagnosis, no specific oral manifestation exists.
TRUE
_______ conceptual, social, and practical skills learned by individuals to support the ability to function in everyday life.
Adaptive Behavior
_______ is a unique group of individuals with intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal abnormality; also referred to as trisomy 21 syndrome.
Down Syndrome
which classification of intellectual disorders IQ level ranges from 20-34 ?
SEVERE
What type of walk is caused by poor muscle tone causing a weak unsupported walk?
waddling gait
T/F: Autism is 5x greater in females than in males?
False
______repeated regurgitation of food in the absence of any associated gastrointestinal illness.
Rumination absence of any associated gastrointestinal illness.
_______is a complex spectrum of developmental disorders marked by limitations in the ability to understand and communicate.
AUTISM
Name three childhood illnesses that can cause intellectual disorders?
Childhood illness: measles, meningitis, and whooping cough.
Which occlusion classification is also called Angles class?
Class III
Who first notated Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Dr. Leo Kanner, 1944
_____ an involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocal sound.
TIC
A persistent craving/eating of non-nutritive substances or unnatural articles of food?
Pica
_____echo reaction; the involuntary repetition of a word or sentence just spoken by another person.
Echolalia
Someone with Down Syndrome may be:
A.) Cheerful disposition; rarely irritable; easily amused, Sociable, observant
B.) Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with others
C.) Secretive and manipulative
A.)Cheerful disposition; rarely irritable; easily amused, Sociable, observant
What are he five “D” steps for learning cooperation skills?
•Divide the skill into smaller parts
• Demonstrate the skill
• Drill the skill
• Delight the learner
• Delegate the repetition
______ existing simultaneously with and usually independently of another medical condition; coexisting or additional disease processes. Comorbidity may affect ability to function or survive.
Comorbid
What are some common medical problems in patients with down syndrome?
Common medical problems in Down Syndrome include:
Congenital heart defects, mitrovalve prolapse, and diastolic dysfunction.
Ear infections and hearing loss.
Eye diseases and visual impairment, including cataracts.
Seizures.
Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.
Compromised immune system.
What are the 5 dimensions of ID?
Intellectual Capability
Adaptive behavior
Participation
Health
Context
What are four distinctive physical characteristics for a person with down syndrome?
Stature (height): short with short neck.
Flattened facial profile with short, underdeveloped nose.
Eyes: oblique slant laterally.
Narrow opening between eyelids.
Epicanthic fold of skin continues from upper eyelid over the inner angle of the eye (Figure 61-1).
Nearsightedness, eyes crossing inward, and cataracts are common.
White spots (Brushfield spots) on the colored part of the eye.
Hands
Fingers: stubby, short.
Palm: single, transverse palmar crease may be present
There is no "cure" for autism, but pharmacological and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy are prescribed for what purpose? Please list two of each
Pharmacological
Purpose: relief of negative behavioral symptoms (such as aggression, self-injury, and other more difficult behaviors). For better quality of life.
Types of drugs: stimulants (such as methylphenidate, Ritalin), antidepressants, opiate blockers, and tranquilizers. With special emphasis on risperidone (atypical antipsychotic medication).
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
A form of treatment that focuses on relationships between thoughts, feelings, and behavior
Examples: special teachers in intensive structured programs directed toward individual instruction, applied behavior analysis, sensory integration, music therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, and auditory integration training.
____________characterized by constant motion, fidgetiness, excitability, impulsiveness, and a short attention span.
Development hyperactivity (hyperkinesis)
Name FOUR reasons why dental neglect may occur for people with ID?
Reasons for dental neglect
Parental fear of embarrassment over resistant or possible aggressive/impulsive behaviors.
• Fear of discomfort.
• Fear of injury.
• Satisfactory quality of previous services may not
have been achievable.