Put the 'E' in Gregory
The study of knowing things - the theory of knowledge
Epistemology
Who experimentally discovered white light is composed of colored light
Issac Newton
The belief that, if an event has occurred more frequently than expected, it is less likely to happen again in the future
The gamblers fallacy
What is a type 1 error
False Positive
The name for the conclusion of an argument in the deductive-nomological model
Explanandum
Introduced the notions of falsification and corroboration
Popper
A self-contradictory situation that arises in some time travel scenarios illustrated by the impossible scenario in which a person travels back in time only to kill their grandfather
The grandfather paradox
Theorem used to find a posterior probability from a prior probability
Bayes Theorem
After a detailed examination of an individual system the attempt to draw some general lessons about similar cases
Extrapolation
Who created the theory of relativity
Neither, It was Einstein
When people ignore the base rate in favor of the individuating information
Base-rate fallacy
If there are three locked doors, at least one is green, at least two are made of wood, at least one is round, and only 2 have doorknobs, how many doors could you go through?
None, they are all locked
When higher-level properties are novel to any lower-level parts
Emergence
Who belived we can distiguish between absolute motion and relative motion
Issac Newton
A problem within the classical interpretation of probability theory
Bertrand's paradox
What is the Raven Paradox
Chalk not Raven