Fetomaternal Circulation
Maternal blood enters the intervillous spaces via _____ and is drained by ____.
What is Endometrial arteries and Endometrial veins?
The four mechanisms that facilitate placental transfer.
What is diffusion, carrier mediated (facilitated) transport, active transport, and endocytosis?
Transplant or transfer of tissue or cells that is not genetically identical to your own.
What is an allograft?
The time period when the placenta reaches its full size.
What is week 20 of gestation?
The three hormones produced by the syncytiotrophoblast cells.
What is estrogen, progesterone, and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)?
The amount and interval at which maternal blood is replaced in the intervillous space.
What is 150 mL 3-4 times a minute?
The transfer of this nutrient requires receptors to be heavily saturated before adequate transfer occurs.
What are vitamins?
Syncytiotrophoblasts lack this component to help “protect” or mask the placenta and fetal membranes from the maternal immune system particularly cytotoxic t-cells.
What are MHC antigens?
As the amnion expand, they compress this region, shutting off blood flow and converting this into a smooth membranous surface.
What is smooth chorion?
The fetal part of the placenta is derived from this.
What is the chorionic sac?
These wedge-like structures facilitate the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother and fetus.
What are Cotyledons?
Rh incompatibility between a mother and fetus can result in this disease typically in subsequent births following cross contamination during a previous delivery.
What is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)?
These cells induce apoptosis in maternal immune cells that attempt to cross the placental membrane.
What are trophoblast cells?
This chorionic villi extends beyond the cytotrophoblastic shell and anchors into the decidua basalis.
What is villous chorion?
Insufficient placental excretion of conjugated bilirubin from the fetal circulation can result in this disease in newborns causing a yellowish skin color.
What is jaundice?
This structure is formed following 20 weeks as the branch villi reorganize and the syncytiotrophoblast layer becomes extremely thin in large areas.
What is the Vasculosyncytial membrane?
Symptoms such as facial stigmata, stunted growth, neurological damage, and physical, mental, and behavioral problems are indicators of what condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
The lack of response of the maternal immune system to fetal MHC markers is described by this term.
What is transient immune tolerance?
The placenta covered this much of the decidua at its full size.
What is 15-30%?
Passive immunity can be established for some diseases via the transfer of these materials.
What are antibodies (is IgG)?
The four layers of the placental membrane prior to 20 weeks of gestation.
What is syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, connective tissue, and endothelium (fetal capillaries)?
Poor placental function often due to altered vascular structure, genetic expression, or receptor response is the cause of this pregnancy complication.
What is Placental Insufficiency- Fetal Growth Restriction (PI- FGR)?
The three immunosuppressive factors produced by the decidua.
What is TGF-b, interleukin-10, and prostaglandin E2?
The extensions of decidual tissue that extends upwards towards the chorionic plate and divides the villi into segmental compartments.
What is placental septa?
The vasculosyncytial placental membrane is analogous to this membrane.
What is pleural membrane in the lungs.