Fluid Mosaic Model
Function of Membrane Proteins
Passive Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Bulk Transport
100
Definition: The phospholipid bilayer is this type of molecule in that it has a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic region.
What is amphipathic?
100
This type of membrane protein penetrates the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer.
What are integral membranes?
100
Definition: The movement of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment.
What is diffusion?
100
Facilitated diffusion utilizes what two types of membrane proteins.
What are channel and carrier proteins?
100
Active transport moves solutes in this direction.
What is against the concentration gradient?
100
Large molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides can not move across the membrane. Therefore, they have to move in these types of packages.
What are vesciles?
200
This type of molecule reduces membrane fluidity at moderate temperatures by reducing phospholipid movement.
What is a cholesterol molecule?
200
This membrane function provides a hydrophilic channel across the membrane that is specific for a solute.
What is transportation?
200
The center image is an example of what type of solution?
What is isotonic?
200
Channel proteins that transport ions are called ion channels. Many of these open and close in response to a stimulus. What are they called?
What is a gated channel?
200
This type of active transport occurs when a membrane protein enables the "downhill" diffusion of one solute to drive the "uphill" transport of the other.
What is cotransport?
200
This type of bulk transport takes large molecules into the cell by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane. This method of transport is called what?
What is endocytosis?
300
Phospholipids within the membrane move. What is the direction of their movement?
What is sideways?
300
This type of function occurs when membrane proteins of adjacent cells hook together at gap junctions or tight junctions.
What is intercellular joining?
300
The purpose of diffusion is this.
What is to reach equilibrium and maintain homeostasis?
300
Carrier proteins involved in facilitated diffusion result in the movement in which direction?
What is down its concentration gradient?
300
This is an elecrogenic pump that transports protons out of the cell.
What is the proton pump?
300
This type of bulk transport engulfs a particle by extending psuedopodia around it and packaging it it within a membranous sac called a food vacuole.
What is phagocytosis?
400
Which is the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer?
What is letter B?
400
A membrane protein may have a binding site with a specific shape that fits the shape of a chemical messenger, such as a hormone. The external messenger may cause the protein to change shape, allowing it to relay the message to the inside of the cell usuallyu by binding to a cytoplasmic protein.
What is signal transduction?
400
This is the direction of diffusion.
What is from high to low concentration?
400
This type of water channel facilitates the massive levels of diffusion of water in plants and animal cells. What are these water channels called?
What are Aquaporins?
400
The unequal distribution of ions on both sides of the cell result in a small voltage across the membrane know as this.
What is a membrane potential?
400
This type of bulk transport brings in droplets of extracellular fluid into the cell by forming vesicles around the fluid. What is this called?
What is pinocytosis?
500
Water is attracted to which part of the phospholipid bilayer.
What is letter A?
500
Microfilaments or other elements of the cytoskeleton may be bound to membrane proteins to help maintain cell shape and stabilize the location of certain membrane proteins.
What is the attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix?
500
The last image is an example of what type of solution?
What is hypertonic?
500
The image is of what type of protein?
What is a channel protein?
500
In the sodium-potassium pump, how many sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions?
What is for every 3 sodium ions, 2 potassium ions are moved?
500
This is a specialized type of pinocytosis that enables the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances even though those substances are not very concentrated in the extracellular fluid.
What is Receptor-mediated endocytosis?