Labor Unions & Strikes
In the late 1800s what were working conditions like for many in urban areas?
Most factory workers worked 12-hour days, 6 days a week. No vacations, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or workers compensation for injuries on the job. Children as young as 5 worked
What was the famous nickname given to Teddy Roosevelt?
Trustbuster
What is a Muckraker?
the names given to journalists who attempted to expose government corruption
What is a monopoly?
The exclusive ownership or control of an industry by a company or person.
What is Vertical Integration
when a company owns every step of production from the natural resources to the finished product and sometimes even the market
Where do labor Unions get their power from?
By striking. Employees stop working which results in business no longer makes products. No products, no money = BIG PROBLEM. You need a lot of people for strikes to work. Strength in numbers.
What did Roosevelt's Square Deal aim to do?
The Square Deal worked to balance competing interests to create a fair deal for all sides: labor and management, consumer and business, developer and conservationist.
What industry did Upton Sinclair's The Jungle expose?
The Meatpacking industry
What is a trust and why are they bad?
Multiple companies or industries created these and gave power over to a council to reduce competition and increase profits. They are bad because they eliminated competition and price could be set to whatever the company wanted because there was no competition which harms consumers.
What is Horizontal Integration?
When a company expands to hold other companies that develop the same product or similar products at the same level of production
Why was the Coal Strike of 1902 successful?
Because this was the first time we have seen a president side with the laborers rather than management. This was a huge victory for laborers.
Roosevelt used executive orders to create 150 _________ ______. He also created 5 _____ ______, _____ national monuments, and ____ wildlife refuges.
executive orders to create 150 new national forests, increasing the amount of protected land from 42 million acres to 172 million acres. The President also created five national parks, eighteen national monuments, and 51 wildlife refuges.
What were the conditions like in tenements?
Tenements were filthy, lacked ventilation and windows, were small and cramped, no running water, no electricity, disease ridden, no plumbing.
What is the Sherman Antitrust act? What was wrong with this act? (who did it harm and why was it not used a lot)
It made hurting trade between states or foreign countries illegal. Its purpose was to help eliminate trust. It mainly harmed unions and it was not used a lot because it was poorly worded and because government did not like to interfere with businesses then.
What were the four main goals of progressives?
1) Protect Social Welfare
2) Promote Moral Improvement
3) Create Economic Reforms
4) Foster efficiency in work and society.
Who did the populist party consist of?
In 1902 Roosevelt signed the ________ _______ ____which used money from federal land sales to build reservoirs and irrigation works to promote agriculture in the arid West.
The Newlands Reclamation Act
What acts was created because of the release of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?
The meat inspection act, and the pure food and drug act.
What are two Acts that Teddy Roosevelt created during his presidency to regulate the railroad industry? (Bonus: if you can tell me what each act specifically did)
The Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act. The Elkins Act made secret rebates illegal. The Hepburn Act allowed the Interstate Commerce Commission to lower rates of railroads so they were not too high and so they did not allow free passes as well.
Which Progressive President out of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson broke up the most trust?
Wilson by A LOT. Around 203 broken. Taft broke around 90. Roosevelt broke up around 41.
_______ idea that is against government control of business. French for “let alone”.
Laissez-faire
No he thought that there were good trust as well as bad. He kept a watchful eye over “good” trusts that, while completely dominating an industry, kept prices/rates reasonable and paid fair wages.
What is the name of Jacob Riis' work that help expose how bad tenements in New York truly were and that helped lead to housing reform? (bonus if you can tell me what the work mainly consisted of)
How the other half lives. It mainly consisted of pictures. Many were not staged, however some were.
What is the Clayton Antitrust act? How is this an improvement from the Sherman Antitrust act?
The Clayton Antitrust act could not hurt good union and farming groups during labor disputes. It expanded "unfair methods of competition" to include interlocking directories, price discrimination, and purchasing competing corporation stocks.
What is New Nationalism?
TR’s philosophy that strong national government is needed to promote social justice and human welfare