Roman Catholic Church Before Reformation
John Wycliffe became convinced that the Roman Catholic Church had strayed from its original doctrine and practice. As part of this, he emphasized the Bible as the supreme authority for the believers, replaced Jesus as the head of the church over the pope, criticized the doctrine of transubstantiation (bread and wine turn into the actual body and blood of Christ during communion) and rejected the practice of confessing sins to these church leaders.
Priests
As an early reformer, he created the first English translation of the Bible, allowing commoners to read and study the Bible exposing the false teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
John Wycliffe
While a priest, Luther discovered through studying scripture that salvation is through this alone.
faith
Why did Henry VIII break away from the Roman Catholic Church?
He wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon (his 1st wife) – mother to his Roman Catholic daughter, Mary I (nicknamed Bloody Mary because of the Protestants killed during her reign)
According to tradition, many of these childhood verses were written during the Reformation era to express dissatisfaction since it was not safe to openly criticize government or church officials.
(Mother Goose) nursery rhymes
For centuries, it was the position of the Roman Catholic Church that although Christ died to save men from the eternal punishment of their sins in hell, they still had to do penance or suffer in this place as punishment for their individual sins.
Purgatory
He was an early reformer who continued to preach reformation of the Catholic Church despite excommunication and was burned at the stake for his beliefs.
John Huss
The publishing of this paper by Martin Luther challenged the Roman Catholic sale of indulgences and is regarded as sparking the Protestant Reformation.
The Ninety-Five Theses
After her father, Henry VIII separated from the Roman Catholic Church, protestant Elizabeth I followed her Roman Catholic sister, Mary I, to the throne and helped bring stability to this new protestant church denomination.
The Anglican Church (Church of England)
The Protestant Reformation sought to reveal false doctrine within the Roman Catholic Church. This reformation, led by catholic reformers, sought to correct some of the outward moral problems of the Roman Catholic Church.
the Counter-Reformation
“As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs,” was a quote attributed to a Dominican friar named Johann Tetzel, who began selling these certificates, which granted the buyer pardon from the punishment of their individual sins in purgatory.
Indulgences
This reformer helped found the Presbyterian Church in Scotland.
John Knox
Luther argued that every believer was a _______ and therefore had the freedom to approach God personally through faith.
priest
What did the Act of Supremacy in 1534 make the English monarch in charge of?
The Church of England
To stop the spread of Protestantism, Pope Paul III reorganized this, bringing terror and death to Protestants and Jews in countries where Roman Catholicism was dominant and assuming anyone accused of heresy was guilty until proven innocent.
the Inquisition
This reformer debated with Catholic scholar Johann Eck over the question of whether the pope had human rather than divine authority and therefore could err just like any other man.
Martin Luther
Ulrich Zwingli, a Roman Catholic priest from this country, recognized the corruption in the Church and became an outspoken critic of its abusive practices.
Switzerland
In order to make the principles of the Reformation so clear that even a child could understand them, Luther wrote this, which in question and answer form gives instruction in the fundamental doctrines of Scripture.
There were protestant groups who felt that the new Anglican Church was still suffering from the “the trappings of popery.” Separatists removed themselves from the church altogether. This group wished to cleanse the Anglican Church from these Catholic practices.
the Puritans
Although not directly connected to the reformers, this man’s movable-type printing allowed printed copies of the Bible and books written by reformers to be circulated throughout Europe at a low cost and caused the Roman Catholic Church to establish the Index of Prohibited Books which condemned among other things, certain versions of the Bible.
Johannes Gutenberg
Excessive good works along with the merits of Christ’s perfect life were to be collected in a type of spiritual bank for each person. The pope served as treasurer of this account and could dispense these good works for a fee, cutting the time a person remained in purgatory before going to heaven. What was this “spiritual bank” known as?
Many protestant churches adopted this French reformer’s system of theology, which is based primarily on the sovereignty of God, confession of faith and scriptural teaching.
John Calvin
Despite being convicted of heresy and an outlaw of the empire by the Roman Catholic Church while standing before the German Emperor Charles V, princes, and bishops of the Holy Roman Empire at this gathering, Luther lived for 25 more years, preaching the truth of God’s Word that he so boldly defended and died a natural death.
Diet of Worms
(diet = imperial assembly,
Worms = a city in Germany)
The victory of the British over this group did many things:
The Spanish Armada
This Catholic church group, called together three times from 1545 – 1563, refuted many of the reformation theology as well as reaffirmed many Catholic doctrines and practices, effectively separating Catholic and Protestant churches for good.
The Council of Trent