vocabulary
valid
well grounded or justifiable
When did Henry VIII's daughter Mary I came to the throne ?
In 1553
Who is Martin Luther King?
an american baptist minister and activist
How did Desiderius Erasmus and Christian humanism pave the way for the protestant Reformation in Europe ?
Erasmus sought reform within the Catholic church
publish
to print for distribution
fundamental
basic or external
Luther was sent to hide and then protected him when Luther returned to Wittenberg at the beginning of ?
1522
What Erasmus wanted to do?
He wanted to educate people in the works of Christianity and worked to criticize the abuses in the church.
What role did Martin Luther and his ideas play in the Reformation ?
Martin Luther played a pivotal role in sparking the protestant Reformation
annul
declare invalid
salvation
the state of being saved ( that is, going to heaven ) through faith alone or through faith and good works
When did Luther began to move toward a more definite break with the catholic church
In 1520
Who weren't the only calling for reform ?
Erasmus and Christian humanists
Why was the Holy Roman Empire forced to seek peace with the Lutheran princes ?
Calvin believed in predestination and replaced Lutheranism as most important protestant denomination
justification
process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by god
indulgence
a release from all of punishment for sin by the catholic church, reducing time in purgatory after death
what did people believed about the Purgatory ?
people believe that the indulgence attached to them could reduce time spent in purgatory by 1,443 years
when the king died ?
in 1547
How were the goals of Charles and the Holy Roman Empire at odds with the desires of Lutheran princes ?
Hoped to preserve empire's unity by keeping it catholic
ghetto
formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live
christian humanism
a movement that developed in northern Europe during the renaissance, combining classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the catholic church
A German priest and professor named Martin Luther began the protestant reformation in
1500
What did Calvin believed ?
He believed that faith alone was sufficient for justification, the process of being deemed worthy of salvation by god.
How did Luther's ideas lead to a break with the Church and to a new faith ?
It differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could achieved by faith alone
predestination
belief that god has determined in advance who will be saved ( the elect ) and who will be damned ( the reprobate )