Reformers
this German monk and teacher started the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by challenging the teachings of the Catholic church
Who is Martin Luther
home to Castle Church where martin Luther nailed his 95 thesis to the door in 1517
where is Wittenberg Germany
mid-fifteenth century device that enabled the rapid production and distribution of printed works, including the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures.
What is the printing press
In 1521, the newly elected Emperor Charles V summoned Luther for a meeting of the German parliament - the emperor declared Luther to be a heretic after he refused recant the "errors" in his statement
What is the Diet of Worms
The Bible is the sole authority for Christians in faith, doctrine, and practice.
What is Sola Scriptura
This reformer led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland helping to lead the Church of Scotland to accept Protestantism
Who is John Knox?
John Calvin only intended to stop here briefly but was convinced to stay and assist in the reformation of the church
a person was believed to be exempt from the duties associated with penance by purchasing this - also believed as a church sanctioned means of purchasing forgiveness for one's sins and sold as a means of releasing a deceased person's soul from purgatory into heaven
What are indulgences
between 1545 and 1563, a council consisting of primarily Roman Catholic leaders convened numerous times - The council affirmed that the Bible is the authoritative Word of God, the council concluded that a person is justified on the basis of their being morally changed in collaboration with God's grace, addressed the problem of pluralism, and also addressed the poor levels of education among the clergy.
What is the Council of Trent
Salvation is a gift of grace from God, not a result of human merit.
What is Sola Gratia
Often referred to as the “Morning Star of the Reformation,” this reformer was an English theologian best known for being the first to translate the Bible into English. He rejected papal authority and is considered the primary precursor of the Reformation.
Who is John Wycliffe
after being exiled from Geneva, John Calvin journeyed here where he studied, preached, and also was married
Where is Strasbourg France
This language was the language to read the Bible prior to John Wycliffe in the 14th century
What is Latin
In 1610, about forty followers of Arminius submitted a formal petition, or remonstrance, to the government. This remonstrance, known as the Remonstrance, articulated a departure from traditional Calvinist teachings about election and free will. In response, traditional Calvinists presented their views in a this document
What is the Counter-Remonstrance
Salvation is found in faith in Jesus Christ alone.
What is Sola Fide
French theologian who worked to reform the church in Geneva - His "Institutes of the Christian Religion" helped form the basis of reformed tradition
Who is John Calvin
The Synod of Dort took place here from November 1618-May 1619 - they met to settle disputes concerning Arminianism
Where is the Dutch city of Dordrecht
This sacrament of the Roman Catholic Faith states - In order to be forgiven for sins committed after the cleansing of baptism had taken place, a person must first experience genuine contrition, or remorse for sins. The contrite sinner would then confess his or her sins to a priest, who would grant instruction and absolution.Finally, a person would be expected to perform a specific task to demonstrate repentance and to pay the temporal penalties of his or her sin.
What is Penance
This agreement signed by Ferdinand I, established the modern precedent of having more than one legal religion within a realm and granted Lutheranism legal recognition in the parts of the empire where it was currently practiced.
What is the Peace of Augsburg
Salvation is found in Christ alone
What is Solus Christus
this reformer, who was killed in a battle against Swiss Catholic forces in 1531, was the leader of the Protestant movement in Zurich
Who is Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli
in 1529 a gathering of Protestant leaders including Luther, Zwingli, Bucer, and Melanchthon took place here to discuss an international perspective on the reformation with a desire to maintain the unity of the Protestant movement
where is Marburg Germany
Martin Luther studied this until 1505 when he vowed to become a monk in exchange for protection during a storm
What is law
In 1529, a gathering of Protestant leaders, including Luther, Zwingli, Bucer, and Melanchthon, took place in Marburg, Germany. Eventually, Luther and Zwingli reached agreement on fourteen points of doctrine. However, the two could not come to an agreement on the nature of Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper.
what is the Margurg Colloquy
Salvation is a work of God for His glory
What is Soli Deo Gloria