The Presidents
This president issued the “Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction” in 1863
Who is Abraham Lincoln?
This political party dominated Congress during Reconstruction
What is the Republican party?
This said that the Federal Government would not pay any debt a state incurred during a rebellion
What is the 14th Amendment?
This Amendment made slavery illegal in the U.S.
What is the 13th Amendment?
In 1866, Tennessee formed the most notorious and long-lasting anti-black groups who were against any power or right an African American may have; said they killed to “keep them in their place”
Who is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
This president required the wealthiest former Confederates to go to D.C. and ask him for a pardon in person
Who is Andrew Johnson?
Congress tried, but failed, to do this to President Johnson
What is impeachment?
This type of law might say:
“Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of said negro...”
What are Black Codes?
A basic sort of welfare agency that primarily provided food, clothes, and education to freedmen, but also assisted white southerners; it expired in 1872
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Similar in many ways to the KKK, this group also used violence to prevent African Americans from voting
Who is the White League or Who are the Red Shirts
(those are the only other 2 groups we’ve discussed, though there were many who were similar to the KKK)
This president issued the Amnesty Act of 1872
Who is Ulysses S. Grant?
In 1864, Congress opposed this Reconstruction plan for being too lenient and not requiring enough people in a state to pledge allegiance before readmittance
What is Lincoln’s 10% Plan?
This amendment (1866) conferred civil rights--including citizenship-- to freedmen;
it also reduced proportionally representation in Congress and Electoral college if a state denied blacks the ballot
What is the 14th Amendment?
This was the most common way that freedmen supported themselves financially after the Civil War
What is sharecropping?
These are two examples of voter suppression
What are poll taxes and literacy tests?
(Would also accept white supremacy groups as one)
This president vetoed a potential reconstruction plan created by Congress in 1864, called the Wade-Davis Bill, for being too hard on the South
Who is Abraham Lincoln?
This is what Congress did to pass the 1866 Civil Rights Act
What is override the veto?
This said:
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
What is the 15th Amendment?
So-called “pig laws” turned misdemeanors into felonies for this reason
What is convict leasing?
These are two reasons that Northerners’ attention shifted away from the issues of Southern reconstruction
What are economic problems, immigration, urbanization, corruption in politics, new technology, changing society, fatigue/boredom with the issue, etc.
(at least 2)
This president agreed to remove the last federal troops from the South in return for acceptance of his presidential victory
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
This is one of the first things the Republican-controlled Congress did when they took over and restarted the Reconstruction process; it was one of the most successful tools used to enforce Southern states follow the rules; it finally ended in 1877
What was the Military Reconstruction Act/federal troops in the South/send troops South/military occupation of the South/martial law/divide the South into military districts, etc.
(any of those wordings are correct)
They are responsible for interpreting the meaning of laws and amendments
Who is the Supreme Court?
Though illegal since before the Civil War, this forced labor practice persisted in the South until FDR encouraged his administration to actively prosecute cases related to it in the 1940s
What is debt peonage?
This is what the former Confederate states were called in terms of their voting record between 1877 to the 1960s
What is the “Solid South”
(will also accept Solid Democratic South, etc., at teacher discretion)