Reconstruction Challenges
This term describes Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction, often to help rebuild or for economic opportunity.
What are carpetbaggers?
This U.S. president succeeded Abraham Lincoln and oversaw the early years of Reconstruction.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
This secret organization used terror to oppose Reconstruction and suppress African American political activity.
Who are the Ku Klux Klan?
These were laws passed in Southern states to restrict the freedom of African Americans.
What are Black Codes?
This amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party were known by this nickname.
What are scalawags?
This group in Congress pushed for harsher Reconstruction policies and greater rights for freedmen.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
This term refers to Southern Democrats who sought to "redeem" the South from Republican rule.
Who are the Redeemers?
This government agency helped freed slaves and poor whites after the Civil War.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
This amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This 1873 violent event in Louisiana targeted African Americans, illustrating postwar racial tensions.
What is the Colfax Massacre?
Passed in 1867, this set of laws divided the South into military districts and set conditions for readmission to the Union.
What are the Reconstruction Acts?
This compromise resolved the disputed 1876 election and marked the end of Reconstruction.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
This labor system replaced slavery on many Southern plantations and often trapped African Americans in cycles of debt.
What is sharecropping?
This amendment guaranteed African American men the right to vote.
What is the 15th Amendment?
Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction and wanted to restore white rule were known by this term.
Who are Redeemers?
This was the first African American elected to the U.S. Senate, although he served only briefly.
Who is Hiram Revels?
Despite efforts by the Freedmen's Bureau, many freedpeople lacked access to this key resource for upward mobility.
What is land (or land ownership)?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Passed by Congress, this amendment was often ignored or circumvented by Southern states through poll taxes and literacy tests.
Many Southern states required these discriminatory tests, often impossible to pass, to prevent Black citizens from voting.
What are literacy test?
This was the first African American Governor in the state of Louisiana.
Who was PBS Pinchback?
The political strategy employed by Southern Democrats to restore "home rule" and strip away Reconstruction reforms was known as this.
What is the Redemption?
These laws, passed in the late 19th century, enforced racial segregation in public facilities and services in the South.
What are Jim Crow laws?
These Southern laws limited the freedom of formerly enslaved people and tried to control their labor and behavior.