Category 1
Luther’s ideas about indulgences and other practices that he posted in Wittenberg were known as
A. the Ninety-five Theses. B. the sacraments. C. the papal bull. D. the Diet of Worms.
A. the Ninety-five Theses.
Gutenberg is known for which development in Europe?
A. the telescope B. the tower of Pisa C. movable type D. the pendulum
C. movable type
According to Martin Luther, how was salvation achieved?
A. as a result of indulgences B. through God’s forgiveness C. through saying Mass D. by order of the pope
B. through God’s forgiveness
What was the first and most famous book Gutenberg printed?
A. the Bible B. a sermon C. a biography D. a novel
A. the Bible
In Luther’s time, what were indulgences?
A. special prayers led by sinners on behalf of cardinals B. religious services that included music C. prayers that show regret for wrongdoing presented directly to a priest D. the removal or reduction of certain punishments for sin, linked to a particular act
D. the removal or reduction of certain punishments for sin, linked to a particular act
Martin Luther refused to __________ his criticisms of the Catholic Church.
A. confess B. theorize C. convert D. recant
D. recant
Who did not meet resistance from religious leaders for his work?
A. Galileo B. Johannes Gutenberg C. John Calvin D. Martin Luther
B. Johannes Gutenberg
Which of the following best describes the Protestant Reformation?
A. a widespread rejection of Christianity all across Europe B. a conflict between Martin Luther and the pope over the power of the Church C. a revolution in the way scientists viewed Earth, the sun, and astronomy D. a movement to reform the Church that led to the formation of new religious groups
D. a movement to reform the Church that led to the formation of new religious groups
The student's experiments helped her formulate a __________ to share with her professor and classmates.
A. thesis B. sacrament C. shrine D. penance
A. thesis
According to John Calvin, what is predestination?
A. Only people who prayed every day would be saved. B. Only people who were chosen by the clergy would be saved. C. Only people who did good works would be saved. D. Only those chosen by God would be saved.
D. Only those chosen by God would be saved.
People of different religions sometimes make a __________ to a place that is considered holy and of special significance to their religion.
A. pilgrimage B. penance C. veneration D. conversion
A. pilgrimage
The __________ tracked the path of the comet across the sky.
A. pastor B. pendulum C. astronomer D. pulse
C. astronomer
Individuals accused by the Church of __________ were punished.
A. indulgence B. heresy C. theology D. scripture
B. heresy
The Catholic Church reformed itself because its leaders did not want anyone else to __________ to Protestantism.
A. recant B. annul C. convert D. ordain
C. convert
She needed to __________ her sins and ask for forgiveness.
A. confess B. convert C. annul D. ordain
A. confess
What was the Counter-Reformation?
A. an attempt to destroy the new churches emerging from the Protestant Reformation B. the response of people such as Zwingli and Calvin to the teachings of Luther C. a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself D. a court established within the Catholic Church to identify and punish heretics
C. a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself
According to Copernicus, what was the center of the planetary system?
A. human beings B. the sun C. Earth D. the moon
B. the sun
Why did the Church forbid Galileo to write or teach about his findings supporting Copernicus and his views of the solar system?
A. Galileo wrote and taught in Latin, the official language of the Church. B. The Church believed Galileo’s ideas had led to the Protestant Reformation. C. Galileo was working with Protestant leaders to weaken the Church. D. The Church decided that Copernicus’s ideas were at odds with Church teaching.
D. The Church decided that Copernicus’s ideas were at odds with Church teaching.
On which of the following ideas did Zwingli and Luther agree?
A. Only the pope should interpret the word of God. B. The Bible was the source for all teaching about the word of God. C. There was no place for music in church services. D. Earth revolves around the sun.
B. The Bible was the source for all teaching about the word of God.
What name was given to the followers of Luther and others who disagreed with Rome?
A. Jesuits B. Cardinals C. Protestants D. Catholics
C. Protestants
Ignatius of Loyola believed that
A. the pope should be obeyed without question. B. people’s destinies were already chosen for them by God. C. the Church did not require any kind of reform. D. Earth revolves around the sun.
A. the pope should be obeyed without question.
A visit to a church in Pisa led Galileo to conduct experiments with
A. printing. B. steam engines. C. pendulums. D. electricity.
C. pendulums.
The ancient Greek philosopher Ptolemy believed which of the following?
A. Earth revolves around the sun. B. All the planets and stars were fixed in one place in the heavens. C. The descriptions of the sun and Earth in the Bible were accurate. D. The sun and other planets revolved around the Earth.
D. The sun and other planets revolved around the Earth.
The Council of Trent made a decision to
A. correct some of the abuses associated with indulgences. B. allow unrestricted translations of the Bible. C. condemn the scientific ideas of Copernicus and Galileo. D. end the practice of forbidding Catholics to read certain books.
A. correct some of the abuses associated with indulgences.
What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
A. to appoint a new pope B. to examine and clarify the beliefs of the Catholic Church C. to spread Protestant ideas D. to translate the Bible into foreign languages
B. to examine and clarify the beliefs of the Catholic Church