Wars and Treaties
It entrusted political and diplomatic affairs to states acting in their own interests.
What is the peace of Westphalia?
The English King who broke with the Catholic Church because it refused to grant him an annulment of his marriage.
Who is Henry VIII?
Luther answered the question of "what must I do to be saved, by stating that Humans do nothing to merit grace, it was purely God's decision with this concept.
What is justification through faith alone?
An assembly of bishops, cardinals, and other church officials that addressed matters of doctrine and reform in the Catholic Church.
What is the Council of Trent?
Followers of this protestant movement refused to fight in wars.
Who are the Anabaptists?
Religion was the primary reason for this war which began in 1618, but as it continued secular concerns became much more important.
What is the 30 Years War?
He abdicated his throne as Holy Roman Emperor in 1556.
Who is Charles V?
Luther made known his opposition to indulgences in this document.
What is the Ninety-Five theses?
The two sacraments kept by most Protestant religions.
What are Baptism and the Lord's Supper?
His concept of predestination stated that addressed both heaven and hell?
Who is John Calvin?
The Puritan parliamentary leader whose regime took control of England after capturing and decapitating King Charles I.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
The Puritan parliamentary leader whose regime took control of England after capturing and decapitating King Charles I.
Who is Oliver Cromwell.
The Saxony Prince who protected Martin Luther.
Who was Frederick the Third aka Frederick the Wise?
As this Swiss movement accelerated, it called for whitewashed walls, no relics, veneration of saints, or statues.
What is Zwinglism?
This scientist faced a Roman Catholic inquisition that charged him with heresy after espousing a sun centered theory of the universe.
Who is Galieo Galilei?
A large movement by the Dutch who formed an anti-Spanish alliance and proclaimed themselves independent.
What are the United Provinces?
He became the Holy Roman Emperor after the abdication of his father.
Who is Ferdinand I?
The decree issued by the Holy Roman Emperor at this hearing in 1521 that denounced Luther as a dangerous heretic.
What is the Edict of Worms.
the Roman Catholic doctrine which asserts that the total substance of bread and wine are changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ at the moment of consecration, which many Protestants rejected.
What is transubstantiation?
The protestant leaders who looked to the state for regulation and supervision of church activities?
Who are Luther and Zwingli?
Signed in 1555, it formally established the division of Christianity by granting Lutherans the same legal rights as Catholics.
What is The Peace of Augsburg?
The moniker earned by the English Queen who wanted to restore Catholicism in England and who ordered the burning of 3,000 Protestant heretics.
What is "Bloody Mary"?
He excommunicated Martin Luther.
Who is Pope Leo X.
The Catholic group that expanded Catholicism, they were effective missionaries who often served as counselors to kings.
Who are the Jesuits?
Today, most Calvinists are members of this protestant faith.
What is the Presbyterian faith?