VOCABULARY
Organizations that controlled the sale and production of goods in Florence.
Guilds
Diplomat, later wrote The Prince; wanted a unified Italy.
Niccolò Machiavelli
Wealthy Florentine bankers; major patrons of art; ruled Florence in the 1400s.
Medici Family
Name ALL (yup all of them) major Italian City States
Ongoing tensions among the five major Italian powers.
Really a vocab word......equal to all parties involved.
Balance of Power
A work of art where paint is applied to wet plaster.
Frescoes
Hunter of ancient manuscripts across Europe
Poggio Bracciolini
Founded Florence in 59 BC.
Julius Caesar
Fought in the Italian Wars
France & Spain (either answer is correct)
Established peace and balance of power among Milan, Venice, Florence, Papal States, and Naples.
Treaty of Lodi (1454)
Series of trade routes carrying copper, ceramics, spices, jade, and silk with large mark‑ups.
Silk Road
Inventor of the printing press; first book printed was the Latin Vulgate.
Johannes Gutenberg
Organized the Treaty of Lodi.
Cosimo de Medici
Largest medieval seaport; built on lagoons; ruled by a doge; oligarchic merchant council.
Venice
Ottoman Turks capture the city; major shift in trade routes.
Fall of Constantinople (1453)
Venetian innovation tracking business losses and gains.
Double‑Entry Bookkeeping
“Father of Humanism,” poet laureate, coined “Dark Ages.”
Francis Petrarch
Condottieri who became Duke of Milan
Francesco Sforza
Conquered Constantinople in 1453
Ottoman Empire
Venice attempted to conquer Milan; ended by the Treaty of Lodi.
Wars of Lombardy
Government where a small elite group holds power.
Oligarchy
Ideal Renaissance prince
Federico da Montefeltro
Pope (1471–1484); gave family members church positions; involved in plot against Lorenzo de Medici
Sixtus IV
Guild‑run government; home of the Medici; birthplace of major Renaissance innovations.
Florence
France and Spain fought for control of the Italian peninsula; Milan allowed French invasion.
Italian Wars (1494–1559)