What is the Renaissance?
Italy.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
A famous artist, scientist, inventor and mathematician; often called the Renaissance Man.
What is 'Protestantism' / 'Protestant Churches'.
A new sect of Christianity that broke away from the Catholic Church.
Or...
Christian Churches that were established by people who left the Catholic Church and embraced Luther's ideas.
In what part of Europe did Catholicism remain dominant, and in what part of Europe did people become Protestant?
Northern Europe = Protestant.
What was the Scientific Revolution?
A time when thinkers began to use observation, reasoning and experiments to learn about the world.
The term Renaissance it Italian for _____.
Rebirth or Revival.
How was Renaissance art different from Medieval art?
Renaissance art used realism and embraced secular themes.
What role did Martin Luther play in the Reformation?
He started the Reformation with his "95 Theses" against the Catholic Church.
Who was King Henry VIII?
The King of England who established the Church of England and made English a Protestant country.
Why was Galileo put on trial by the Catholic Church in 1633?
He supported the heliocentric model of the solar system.
Or...
He believed the Earth revolved around the sun, not the other way around.
What is the Renaissance idea of "Individualism"?
The idea that the individual is just as important as the community.
Before the Renaissance, only the nobility and clergy were _____; but with the printing press commoners also became _____.
Literate / Able to read.
What were "indulgences"?
When people would pay money to the Catholic Church in exchange for their sins being forgiven.
What was the Counter-Reformation?
The Catholic Church's attempt to suppress or reject Protestant teachings.
What invention did Galileo Galilei use to prove the Heliocentric model of the solar system?
The telescope.
What is the Renaissance idea of "Secularism"?
The idea that life does not need to revolve around religion.
How did the Catholic Church react to the spread of Renaissance ideas?
They tried to censor people, or choose what could or couldn't be written or talked about.
Why did Martin Luther want to reform the Catholic Church?
He strongly opposed the sale of indulgences and believed that the Church had become corrupt.
A group of Catholic priests wanted to reform the Church and get rid of corruption WITHOUT becoming Protestant. They were called _____.
The Jesuits.
Scientists like Galileo Galilei and Nicolaus Copernicus believed in a heliocentric model of the solar system. What does that mean?
They believed that the sun was the center of the solar system and that the Earth revolves around the sun.
What is the Renaissance idea of "Humanism"?
The idea that people should study ancient works and philosophy to better our lives as humans.
What was a major effect of Gutenberg's printing press?
It made it easier to mass produce books, and so spread literacy throughout Europe.
What is the Calvinist idea of "predestination?"
The belief that God has already decided who goes to Heaven and who goes to Hell.
What was the Thirty Years War?
A civil war in Germany / The Holy Roman Empire between Protestants and Catholics.
What contributions did Sir Isaac Newton make to the Scientific Revolution?
He proposed the theory of gravity.
He proposed the laws of motion.
He discovered that all colors come from rays of light.