Anatomy
The filtration of the plasma per unit of time
What is GFR?
Elimination of a substance in the final urine
What is excretion?
This is one way that renal blood flow is controlled.
What is renal hormonal regulation?
Interference with flow of urine at any site along the urinary tract
What is urinary obstruction?
The term for red blood cells in urine.
What is hematuria?
What is a nephron?
Movement of fluid and water from tubular lumen to peritubular capillary plasma
What is tubular reabsorption?
This hormone is secreted in response to sodium depletion or low blood volume.
What is Renin?
Name the s/s of a UTI.
What is frequency, dysuria, urgency, and low back and/or suprapubic pain?
Decrease in urinary output < 400 mL/day
What is oliguria?
This vasculature brings blood in to the kidney.
What is the afferent arteriole?
This process results in increased BP and/or blood volume, vasoconstriction, and sodium retention.
What is the RAAS?
This hormone facilitates the production of RBCs.
What is EPO?
Clinical presentation of this condition is : renal colic- severe, off-and-on flank pain, urinary urgency, frequency, blood in urine
What is calculi (stones)?
This condition is defined as a sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and urine output with an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
What is acute kidney injury?
A tightly adhering capsule that surrounds each kidney, and the kidney then is embedded in a mass of fat.
What is the the renal capsule?
kidneys are damaged as a result of something going on prior to the kidney such as dehydration
What is a pre-renal injury?
This hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and contributes to the ultimate concentration/dilution of urine.
What is ADH?
These are the disorders of the bladder?
What is
Incontinence
• Neurogenic bladder
• Urethral obstruction: stricture, prostate enlargement, tumor
• Pregnancy-related
Hypotension, hypovolemia, sepsis, inadequate cardiac output, multiple organ dysfunction, renal vasoconstriction (e.g., caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] or radiocontrast agents), renal artery stenosis, or kidney edema that restricts arterial blood flow are the symptoms of this condition.
What is pre-renal acute kidney injury?
The outer layer of the kidney
What is the cortex?
The clinical manifestations of this conditions are:
Urine contains massive amounts of protein (>3g/day) and lipids and either a microscopic amount of blood or no blood.
What is nephrotic acute glomerulonephritis?
The end result of ADH.
What is water retention, and high blood pressure?
These three factors lead to Renal dysfunction.
What is Infection (most common), Obstruction by stones, tumors, or inflammatory edema and dysfunction from kidney disorders or systemic disease?
Define azotemia.
What is increased levels of serum urea, serum creatinine, and other nitrogenous compounds related to decreasing kidney function?