Dates
What was the last day of class?
April 16th, 2025 (Wednesday)
srry lol there weren't enough dates for this column
Translate "rex" (pl. reges)
latin for "king:
Define and translate: "senatus consultum"
"the Senates Advice", were advisory decrees directed to a magistrate or to the Roman people (basically described the senates decisions)
What are referred to as territorial subdivisions of the Roman Empire that are governed by a Roman Political official? (ex: Carthage, Gaul, Spain, Britian, Africa, etc)
What are "provinces"?
Who is this?
- Roman noblewoman who was raped by Sextus Tarquinius, the king of Rome's son, and committed suicide
- her death infuriated Roman Elites, which prompted them to form a rebellion that established a republic in place of a monarchy
Who is Lucretia?
What was the year that the Roman Republic was officially founded, after the last Etruscan King that ruled Rome was overthrown?
509 BC
Translate & define: "res publica"
"public affair" in latin; refers to the legal system of the Roman Republic whose jurisdiction extended to all Roman citizens, securing their rights and determining their responsibilities
What is "imperium"?
a form of authority held by a Roman politician to control a military or governmental entity
What nations were the Punic Wars between & who won?
*bonus 50: what book predicts these wars & who are the two individuals that mythologically "cause" it?
Punic Wars (aka Carthaginian Wars) were a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian Empire; wars resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Roman dominance over the western Mediterranean
*predicted in Aeneid by relationship of Aeneas and Queen Dido
Who is this?
- friend of Collanitus, Lucretias husband
- Together with Collanitus helped launch an insurrection against the nobility of Rome, establishing the Republic
Who is Lucius Junius Brutus?
What was the year that Rome was founded?
753 BC
Senatus PopulusQue Romanus (“The Senate and People of Rome”)
What are "fasces"?
*bonus 50: who carries them?
a Roman symbol of power and authority that were composed of a bundle of wooden rods and an axe; represented that a man held imperium
*carried by lictors, who accompanied those with imperium
Who is this individual?
- Leader of the Carthaginian army
- famous for his tactics against Rome in the Second Punic War (marched his infantry– thousands of troops, hundreds of elephants– from Spain across the Alps and into Italy, where they scored a string of victories agains the Romans)
Who is Hannibal Barca?
Who is this?
- Son of Mars
- Rescued by a she-wolf with his brother after being exiled as a baby
- Killed his brother when they disagreed where Rome should be, considered the founder of Rome
Who is Romulus?
What was the date of earthquake in Rhodes that destroyed the Colossus of Rhodes & did considerable damage to the city?
Earthquake of 226 BC
Define and translate: "carthago delenda est!"
*bonus 50: who said this quote?
"Carthage must be destroyed!", a phrase said in the Senate by Cato the Elder to push for the Third pUnic War and destruction of Carthage
Say the office:
- rarely appointed and only in emergency situations by two consuls
- Only office in Rome political system that did not have a colleague that was able to veto his decisions
- Office had a tenure of either 6 months or however long it took to resolve the emergency situation (whichever came first)
- had supreme military command to resolve whatever crisis or emergency he was appointed for
What is a dictator?
Name this Individual:
- Famous for his constant urging of the Senate that Carthage should be destroyed, which helped initiate the Third Punic War
- Aka "___ the Elder"
- Known for his statement of "“Carthago delenda est!”
Who is Marcus Porcius Cato?
Who is this?
- ruler of the Seleucid Empire, tried to start a war with Ptolemaic Egypt
Who is Antiochus IV?
What was the date of the end of the Third Punic War, signaling the destruction of Carthage?
146 BC
Define and translate: "cursus honorum"
"course of honors"; was the “ladder-like” sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politician in the Roman Republic
Say the office:
- highest elected political office of the Roman Republic (hold imperium)
- each year, the centuriate Assembly elected 2 (to create a check on the power) of them to serve jointly for on-year term
- duties included: presiding over the senate, commanding all Roman armies
What is a consul?
Name this individual:
- Roman general who led Rome to victory against Carthage in the Second Punic War
Who is P. Cornelius Scipio?
Who is this?
- Old Roman senator who was sent by Rome to prevent a war between Antiochus IV
- Drew a circle around the king in the sand with his cane and ordered him not to move out of it, saying if he stepped over it he would be at war with Rome; Antiochus said he would do what the Senate thought was right, and stopped the war
Who is C. popillius Laenas?