Crossing the Rubicon
On January 10, 49 BC, Caesar crossed this river, which served as the boundary between Gaul and the Roman Republic.
What is the Rubicon?
This is the specific date in 44 BC on which Julius Caesar was assassinated.
What is March 15?
This was the collective name taken by the 40 senators who led the effort to assassinate Caesar.
Who were the Liberators?
Formed in 43 BC, this second official alliance consisted of these three men.
Who were Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus?
Octavian used this Latin title, meaning "Son of God," to bolster his legitimacy as Caesar’s heir.
What is divi filius?
Crossing the Rubicon with a standing army without Senate permission was a crime punishable by these two things.
What are torture and death?
Caesar was reportedly stabbed this many times during the assassination.
What is 23?
He was the primary conspirator who convinced Brutus to join the plot against Caesar.
Who was Cassius?
This member of the Second Triumvirate served as Caesar’s "master of the cavalry" and was eventually exiled but allowed to remain Pontifex Maximus.
Who was Lepidus?
This religious office, held by both Caesar and Lepidus, was responsible for overseeing family law and public rituals.
What is Pontifex Maximus?
This famous supporter of Caesar and Plebeian Tribune fled Rome to warn Caesar after the Senate declared him an enemy of the state.
Who was Mark Antony?
This conspirator provided the first blow with his dagger, striking Caesar in the neck.
Who was Casca?
This "honorable" man was a close friend of Caesar but chose to prioritize the Republic over their friendship.
Who was Brutus?
Mark Antony famously allied himself and had a love affair with this Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
Who was Cleopatra VII?
Caesar implemented this major financial reform to help the lower classes and increase his popularity.
What is decreasing debt?
In 48 BC, Caesar decisively defeated Pompey’s forces at this battle in Greece.
What is the Battle of Pharsalus?
The assassination took place in a meeting of the Senate held at a theater dedicated to this former rival of Caesar.
Who was Pompey?
This famous orator hated Caesar and wrote that anyone who justifies Caesar's ambition to be king is a "madman."
Who was Cicero?
In 31 BC, Octavian defeated the combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra at this naval battle.
What is the Battle of Actium?
This Roman office, which Caesar held in 65 BC, was responsible for maintaining public buildings and organizing festivals.
What is an Aedile?
After the civil war began, Caesar eventually intimidated the Roman politicians into electing him to this position for life.
What is Dictator for Life?
The signal for the attack was this man grabbing Caesar’s toga and pulling it down from his neck
Who was Tullius Cimber?
Following the assassination, the Liberators were defeated by Antony and Octavian at this 42 BC battle.
What is the Battle of Philippi?
After the Battle of Philippi, Octavian took control of these western territories, which included Gaul, Hispania, and the city of Rome.
What are the Western Territories?
In his youth, Octavian was the great-nephew of Caesar, but through Caesar's will, he became this.
What is his adopted heir (son)?