Match Made in Microbial Heaven: Bugs and Drugs
Time's Up: Duration of Therapy
PK/PD: The Fast and the Furious
ASP: Saving Lives, One Dose at a Time
History of Antibiotics: From Mold to Modern Marvels
Antibiotic or Pokémon?
100
The two medications that are the drugs of choice for treating methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus-aureus
What are cefazolin and nafcillin?
100
The generally suggested duration of therapy to treat PCP in HIV noninfected patients
What is 21 days?
100
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) refers to these effects
What is PK: pharmacokinetic (how the body interacts with drug) and PD: pharmacodynamic (how the drug affects the body)?
100
A coordinated strategy to improve the use of antimicrobials with the goal of enhancing patient clinical outcome, reducing resistance to antibiotics and decreasing unnecessary cost
What is an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program?
100
Alexander Fleming discovered this antibiotic upon returning from a holiday in Suffolk in 1928, when he noticed that a fungus had contaminated a culture plate of Staphylococcus bacteria he had accidentally left uncovered. The fungus had created a bacteria-free zone where it grew on the plate.
What is penicillin?
100
Zemdri
What is an antibiotic? This aminoglycoside (plazomicin) was FDA approved in June 2018 to treat serious bacterial infection due to multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including CRE in patients with limited or no alternative options
200
When treating C. diff infection, this narrow spectrum antibiotic is no longer recommended as single agent therapy
What is metronidazole?
200
Uncomplicated intra-abdominal infection can be treated for as few as this many days
What is 3-5 days?
200
This cephalosporin is most often given once daily because of its long half-life
What is ceftriaxone?
200
The PenFast score for a patient reports a penicillin allergy of rash as a child
What is 0, very low risk? Patient may be challenged with oral penicillin to facilitate removal of the penicillin allergy
200
In 1943 at Rutgers University, Nobel Prize winning biochemist Selman Waksman and his graduate student isolated this antibiotic, which was the first agent found to be active against tuberculosis
What is streptomycin?
200
Vabomere
What is an antibiotic? This new carbapenem, which is a combination of meropenem and vaborbactam, was approved in August 2017. If Vabomere were a Pokemon, it would be evolved from Merrem, which is the brand name for meropenem without vaborbactam.
300
The treatment of choice for susceptible Enterococci infections is this agent
What is ampicillin?
300
The length of treatment for community acquired pneumonia
What is 5 days?
300
The target vancomycin AUC/MIC ratio for most patients to optimize therapy and avoid nephrotoxicity
What is 400-600?
300
The preferred antibiotics for oral step down therapy for gram negative bacteremia
What are trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones?
Oral beta-lactams may also be used, usually after an IV lead-in course
300
This antibiotic was first isolated in 1953 by Edmun Kornfeld (working at Eli Lilly) from a soil sample collected from the interior jungles of Borneo and was initially referred to as “Mississippi Mud”
What is vancomycin?
300
Staravia
What is a Pokémon? This flying-type Pokemon looks like a bird with an Elvis haircut
400
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase uncomplicated UTI may be treated with these antibiotics
What are nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides, carbapenems/fluoroquinolones (only if no alternate options available)
400
The length of antibiotic treatment for a non-pregnant patient with positive UA/UC but no symptoms
What is 0 days?
400
The PD effects or actions of beta-lactam antibiotics are best described as this
Time above MIC
400
The local clindamycin susceptibility rates for MRSA
What is 70%?
400
Penicillin was initially effective to this microorganism, but resistant strains that produce penicillinase surfaced in the 1950s
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
400
Luxio
What is a Pokémon? Did the X get you? Lots of new antimicrobials have a V, X, Y, or Z in their names lately. This electric-type Pokemon looks like a cute fox or monkey.
500
Name one agent used for treating MRSA and VRE infections
What is daptomycin or linezolid?
500
The length of treatment for most gram negative bacteremias with removable focus
What is 7 days?
500
The target trough level of voriconazole for the treatment of aspergillosis
What is 1 to 5.5 mg/L?
500
You are treating a GNR bacteremic patient with piperacillin-tazobactam. The blood culture resulted with a susceptible E. coli. The best IV therapy to continue at this time.
What is cefazolin or ampicillin?
500
Traces of this antibiotic, which is a strong chelator and incorporated into the mineral portion of bones as well as tooth enamel, have been found in human skeletal remains from ancient Sudanese Nubia dating back to 350-550 AD, likely as a result of exposure in the diet of these ancient people
What is tetracycline?
500
Xofluza
What is an antibiotic? This antiviral agent (baloxavir) was approved in October 2018 for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 12 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours