Japan Expands
What country did Japan invade in 1931?
Manchuria
What policy kept the U.S. out of foreign wars in the 1930s?
Isolationism
What key resource did the U.S. cut off to Japan in 1941?
oil
What were Japan and the U.S. doing in 1941 to avoid war?
Holding peace talks
What region did Japan occupy in mid-1941 that alarmed the U.S.?
Southern Indochina
What year did Japan invade China?
1937
Who gave the 1937 “Quarantine Speech” warning about aggressor nations?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Why did the U.S. cut off oil exports to Japan?
Japan invaded French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
What did the U.S. demand Japan do before lifting sanctions?
Withdraw from China and Southeast Asia
How did the U.S. respond to Japan’s occupation of Indochina?
Froze Japanese assets and cut off oil completely
What was Japan’s main reason for expanding through Asia?
To gain access to natural resources like oil, iron, and rubber
What did the U.S. restrict exports of in 1940 to pressure Japan?
Aviation fuel, scrap metal, and steel
Before the embargo, what percent of Japan’s oil came from the U.S.?
80%
What 1940 agreement joined Japan, Germany, and Italy?
The Tripartite Pact
What did U.S. intelligence suspect Japan might attack before Pearl Harbor?
The Philippines or Southeast Asia
What event showed Japan’s aggression toward China’s capital city in 1937?
The Nanjing Massacre
What U.S. law allowed sending supplies to nations fighting Axis powers?
The Lend-Lease Act
What happened to Japan’s economy after the embargo?
It was crippled—Japan had only months of oil left
What secret plan was Japan forming while peace talks continued?
Plans for the Pearl Harbor attack
When did Japan secretly decide war with the U.S. was unavoidable?
Early November 1941
What was Japan’s vision for a self-sufficient Asian empire called?
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
What action did Roosevelt take in mid-1941 to show Japan the U.S. was serious?
Moved the Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor and reinforced the Philippines
What two major exports did Japan lose access to besides oil?
Iron and steel
Who was Japan’s Prime Minister during the failed peace talks?
Hideki Tojo
By late 1941, what was Japan’s backup plan if peace talks failed?
Launch a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet (Pearl Harbor)