Igneous Rocks
How do igneous rocks form?
Through cooling and crystallization of magma (or lava).
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Other rocks are weathered into sediment. They are eroded and deposited into riverbanks. The sediment then slowly starts to be compacted together. Once this process is finished, the rock is sedimentary.
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Through other rocks that undergo intense heat and pressure.
What type of rock is sandstone?
Sedimentary rock
How does any rock become metamorphic?
By undergoing intense heat and pressure
What are the two types of igneous rock?
Extrusive and Intrusive
What are the three types of sedimentary rock?
Clastic, chemical, and organic
What are the two types of metamorphic rock?
Foliated and Nonfoliated (or exfoliated)
Is marble foliated, or nonfoliated?
Marble is nonfoliated.
What must first happen to a rock for it to eventually become sediment (what is the first step)?
The rock must be weathered.
How does the rate at which magma cools affect the texture of the rock?
If it cools quickly, it will be rough and bumpy. It it cools slowly, it will be smooth and grainy.
What is a key feature of sedimentary rock?
Layers, and not many visible crystals.
What causes a different type of metamorphic rock to be formed from metamorphic rock?
An increase in heat and pressure
Is granite a metamorphic rock, or an igneous rock?
An igneous rock
What can happen to igneous rock if it is exposed to the surface?
It can break down into sediment.
Where does intrusive igneous rock form? (Not simply underground.)
In large magma chambers, in cracks, or between layers of the surrounding rock.
What makes organic sedimentary rock unique?
It is formed from the remains of living things, fossils.
What is a key feature of nonfoliated metamorphic rocks?
One or a few minerals, or mineral grains that are not aligned in planes or bands.
What type of rock is gneiss?
Metamorphic rock
What must happen to any rock before it can become igneous rock?
It must melt into magma.
What are two key features of extrusive igneous rock?
Examples include: Air pockets, small crystals, little or no crystals, and a fine-grained texture.
How is clastic sedimentary rock formed?
The sediment is specifically buried, cemented and compacted together by calcite or quartz.
What is the key feature of foliated metamorphic rock?
The mineral grains must be aligned in planes or bands.
What type of rock is andesite?
Igneous
What are the names of the processes in which rocks are raised, and rocks sink?
Uplift and Subsidence