Vocabulary
Define igneous rock.
Rocks that are formed when magma cools below ground and lava cools above ground.
Explain how sediment becomes sedimentary rock.
Sediments are cemented or compacted together.
Explain what rocks are made up of.
What are minerals and other rocks?
Explain where rocks come from (what they are made up of).
Limestone is an example of this type of rock.
What is sedimentary?
Define metamorphic rock.
Rocks that are formed when large changes of temperature, pressure, or both cause the texture and mineral content of existing rock to change.
Explain how magma/lava becomes igneous rock.
Lava cools above the surface and magma cools below the surface.
Explain what minerals are made up of.
What are crystals?
Explain the process of how sedimentary rock forms.
Weathering breaks down other rocks into sediment. Sediment is then compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock.
Basalt is an example of this type of rock.
What is igneous?
Define cementation.
Cementation is the process where sediments are bound together to form sedimentary rock.
Explain how other types of rock become metamorphic rock.
Rocks undergo extreme heat and pressure to become metamorphic rocks.
Name the two types of igneous rocks.
What are intrusive and extrusive?
Explain the process of how igneous rock forms.
Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools below the surface of the Earth. Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools above the surface of the Earth.
Granite is an example of this type of rock.
What is igneous?
Define magma
Magma is molten rock inside the Earth.
Explain how metamorphic rock would become sedimentary rock.
Metamorphic rock would have to surface and be weathered into sediment, to then form sedimentary rock.
Name the three types of sedimentary rocks.
What are clastic, chemical, and organic?
Explain the process of how metamorphic rocks form.
Metamorphic rocks form when other types of rock undergo extreme heat and pressure to form a new type of rock.
Sandstone is an example of this type of rock.
What is sedimentary?
Define a mineral.
A mineral is a solid, naturally formed substance that always has the same composition and the same properties.
Explain how igneous rock would become metamorphic rock.
The igneous rock would undergo extreme heat and pressure, changing the minerals and forming a new metamorphic rock.
Explain which type of igneous rock has larger crystals and why.
Intrusive igneous rock has larger crystals because the longer cooling process allows more time for crystals to form.
Explain why matter (rocks) cannot be created or destroyed.
Rocks cannot be created or destroyed because they are matter. Instead, they can change form and composition.
Slate is an example of this type of rock.
What is metamorphic?