Geography
This river runs through Rome and helped provide water and a trade route.
The Tiber River
The early people who controlled Rome as a monarchy and influenced Roman culture; Romans initially resented them.
Etruscans
Rome’s executives in the Republic were two leaders called these (chief executives).
Consuls
he basic unit of the Roman army consisting of about 5,000 soldiers was called this.
legion
The period of relative peace and prosperity initiated under Augustus is called this two-word Latin phrase.
Pax Romana
Rome was built on these geographic features; there are traditionally seven of them.
Hills
The social class of wealthy aristocrats and military leaders in Rome.
Patricians
The written law code of Rome that was publicly displayed and used to govern behavior.
Twelve Tables
The series of wars between Rome and this North African city-state for control of the Mediterranean.
Carthaginians (or Carthage)
The emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
Theodosius (or Emperor Theodosius I)
The mountain range to the north of Italy that protected Rome and influenced climate and travel.
The Alps
The common working citizens — merchants, artisans, and small farmers — were called this.
Plebeians
Rome could appoint this emergency leader for up to six months during a crisis.
dictator
This Carthaginian commander famously used war elephants against Rome (first name acceptable).
Hannibal
The roads and safe sea routes of the Roman Empire helped this religion spread throughout the empire.
Christianity
Name the peninsula where Rome is located; its shape helped Rome control the Mediterranean.
Italian Peninsula
Name the language family descended from Latin that includes Spanish, Italian, and French.
Romance languages
This earlier law code, created in ancient Mesopotamia, is often compared to Rome’s Twelve Tables.
Code of Hammurabi
Soldiers hired from other regions who fought for pay rather than loyalty to Rome were called these.
mercenary soldiers (mercenaries)
Romans adopted many gods, art, and literature from this earlier Mediterranean civilization.
Greeks
Compared with Greece, Italy had more of this useful resource, which supported larger populations and farming.
Usable farmland
These artistic decorations used small pieces of tile, glass, or stone to form images; common in Roman homes.
mosaic
One Roman legal principle: a person is considered innocent until this happens.
“proven guilty”
One effect of Rome’s military and expansion that contributed to the fall of the Republic: pay for soldiers increased but their loyalty shifted to these people instead of the state.
loyalty shifted to generals
Name two ways Roman law influenced modern legal ideas.
Written laws (Twelve Tables), burden of proof on accuser, presumption of innocence, punishment for actions not thoughts