Early Rome
Describe the geography of ancient Rome
Early people settled in Italy which lies on a peninsula (land surrounded by water on three sides)
It was centrally located, had mountain passes that link settlements, and was attached to the rest of Europe by the Alps.
Rome itself was founded on seven hills
Patricians: Wealthy
Plebians: Poor
What changes did consul Marius make to the Roman army? How did they lead to the development of a professional army?
Consul Marius allowed the poor, landless citizens to enlist
These men became professional soldiers
What conditions led to unrest in Rome?
Economic divisions between patricians and plebeians led to unrest in Roman lands
land surrounded by water on three sides
According to myth, how was ancient Rome founded?
Romulus and Remus were abandoned beside the Tiber river as babies and cared for by a wolf, then raised by a shepherd.
The twins planned to build a city but argued about the construction. Romulus killed his brother, and named the city after himself, Rome
Who held power in ancient Roman society? What type of society was this?
Ancient Rome was a patriarchy, men held all power
What led to the first Punic war? Where was it fought?
The war started to gain control over the strategic island of Sicily.
The war was fought mainly at sea.
What did Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus urge senate to do?
Return farmland to the poor
Patriarchy
Society where men have all the power
State three requirements of the Roman Republic
Male landowner to serve in the army
Treat conquered people fairly
Extend citizenship to some conquered peoples
What was a woman's role in ancient Roman society?
To be homemakers, raise their children, and support their husbands
What led to the second Punic war? What was significant about the Trek across the Alps?
Hannibal led an attack on one of Rome’s allies in Southern Spain
They traveled on elephant back
What is the consequence of Generals hiring and paying soldiers?
Soldiers became loyal to their generals as opposed to the republic.
Aristocracy
group of wealthy patricians who dominated government
What was significant about the Roman Forum?
The Roman Forum was the political, religious, economic, and social center of the Roman Republic
What was ancient Roman society headed by? Who held power within this group?
Society was headed by the aristocracy (group of wealthy patricians who dominated government)
What led to the Third Punic War? How did Rome win (what was their strategy)?
Rome grew suspicious of Carthage's wealth and thought it could be used to fund another war against them
Rome ordered the city of Carthage to be abandoned, Carthage declared war
Rome laid siege to Carthage, surrounding it and cutting of its food supply
List three accomplishments of Julius Caesar after declaring himself dictator.
Gave citizenship to people in outlying territories
Created jobs for the unemployed
Organized new settlements for landless laborers
Ordered landowners to hire laborers instead of using slaves
Pantheon
A group of many Gods
State the three cultures present on the Italian Peninsula and their influences on early Rome
Latins: became the language of the Roman Empire
Etruscans: taught the Romans important skills like city-building, engineering, and religious practices.
Greeks: shared art, ideas about government, agriculture, and architecture with the Romans
What was Roman religion based on?
a pantheon (a group of many gods)
Who did Rome invade after the defeat of Hanibal in the Third Punic War?
Macedonia
What type of government did Cierco support and why?
A representative governemnt because he distrusted dictators
Triumvirate
Group of three leaders