Causes of Revolution
What was the name of the Russian working-class group that played a key role in strikes and uprisings?
Proletariat
What was the main trigger of the February Revolution?
Food shortages and strikes in Petrograd
Which political group led the October Revolution?
The Bolsheviks
What were the two main opposing sides in the Russian Civil War?
Red and White Army
What does "USSR" stand for?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
How did World War I worsen social tensions in Russia?
It led to mass casualties, food shortages, and discontent among soldiers and workers
What happened to Tsar Nicholas II after the February Revolution?
He abdicated the throne.
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
Lenin
Which foreign countries supported the White Army?
Britain, France, USA and Japan
hen was the USSR officially established?
1922
What was the name of the Russian parliament that was largely powerless under the Tsar?
Duma
What was the name of the temporary government that took control after the February Revolution?
Provisional Government
What was the slogan used by the Bolsheviks to gain support?
Peace, Land, Bread.
What was the Red Terror?
A campaign of mass executions and repression by the Bolsheviks against their enemies.
What was the New Economic Policy (NEP), and why was it introduced?
It was a policy that allowed some private business to revive the economy after the Civil War.
How did Rasputin’s influence over the royal family contribute to political instability?
It discredited the monarchy and fueled opposition to the Tsar.
What role did the Petrograd Soviet play in the revolution?
It acted as an alternative government and challenged the Provisional Government
What happened to the Provisional Government during the October Revolution?
It was overthrown by the Bolsheviks
Who was the leader of the Red Army?
Leon Trotsky
What was the significance of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?
It formally united Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Transcaucasian Republic into one socialist state.
What was the name of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia and what was the Tsarina's heritage?
Nicholas II and Alexandra (German)
What was Order No. 1, and why was it significant?
It gave soldiers the power to disobey officers if orders went against Soviet authority, weakening the military’s discipline
What role did Alexander Kerensky play in the October Revolution, and why was he unable to prevent the Bolshevik takeover?
Kerensky was the leader of the Provisional Government, but he failed to maintain support from the army and workers. His attempts to suppress the Bolsheviks were ineffective, and he fled Petrograd when the Bolsheviks seized power
How did the Bolsheviks ensure loyalty in their army during the Civil War?
They used political commissars to enforce discipline and ideological commitment.
How did Joseph Stalin consolidate power after Lenin’s death?
He eliminated political rivals, controlled the Communist Party, and used purges to maintain his rule.