Scar-crossed Liver
This classification system assesses the severity of liver disease and serves as a predictor of patient survival. It is often used for drug dose adjustments in liver disease.
What is Child-Pugh?
Two common lab markers to estimate kidney function.
Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen
In patients with systolic heart failure, only these three beta blockers have proven mortality benefit in clinical trials.
What is metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, bisoprolol.
These OTC products should be avoided in patients taking anticoagulants.
What is NSAIDs?
This resource is used to aid in selection of selecting empiric treatment and monitor resistance trends over time.
What is an antibiogram?
What lab value that measures blood clotting time can be elevated in liver disease?
What is INR?
In addition to diabetes and proteinuria, this is a risk factor for the progression of CKD.
Uncontrolled hypertension
Name a beta blocker that would be preferred in patients with asthma or COPD.
What is a selective beta-1 blocker. Metoprolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, atenolol.
These 5 natural products starting with the letter “G” are known to increase bleeding risk.
What is Ginko, garlic, ginger, glucosamine, and ginseng
This class of antibiotics is not active against enterococcus or atypicals.
What is Cephalosporins?
This vitamin is used to treat and prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
What is thiamine?
In hypertensive patients with CKD, which class of blood pressure lowering medications is preferred and why?
What are ACEi or ARBs due to their proven benefits for the prevention of CKD progression, especially in those with significant albuminuria.
This is the main therapeutic goal when beta blockers are used in atrial fibrillation management.
What is the ventricular response (or heart rate)?
A 55-year-old female with a history of controlled hypertension presents with nasal congestion and a cough. Which ingredient in an OTC cold product would be inappropriate for her?
What is C? Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that acts as a vasoconstrictor, which can increase blood pressure and is therefore contraindicated or used with caution in patients with hypertension.
List the SPACE organisms.
What is Serratia, Providencia, actinobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter?
This type of hepatitis is acute, self-limiting in most cases and is usually transmitted by contaminated food/water.
What is hepatitis A?
It is recommended to discontinue metformin therapy when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) falls below this value.
What is 30 mL/min/1.73m2?
A patient is taking metoprolol tartrate 50 mg twice daily. You’re switching them to an equivalent daily dose of metoprolol succinate. What dose should they receive?
What is metoprolol succinate 100 mg once daily?
An 80-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) asks for an OTC medication to help with occasional insomnia. Which of the products listed should the pharmacist counsel him to avoid?
What is A,C? Both diphenhydramine and doxylamine are first-generation antihistamines with anticholinergic effects. This can worsen urinary retention, a common symptom of BPH.
Name 3 oral antibiotics with MRSA coverage.
What is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, linezolid, tedizolid delafloxacin and tigecycline.
A syndrome of neuropsychiatric abnormalities caused by acute or chronic hepatic insufficiency.
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
What would be the primary risk associated with the combination of spironolactone, lisinopril, and Bactrim in a CKD patient?
What is elevated potassium?
In patients abusing cocaine, which type of beta blockers are considered safer?
What are mixed α- and β-blockers (e.g., labetalol or carvedilol)? They avoid unopposed α-adrenergic stimulation that can worsen vasospasm.
What is the interaction between some statin medications and grapefruit juice?
Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 which is responsible for statin metabolism. This inhibition leads to more of the statin being absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing its concentration and the risk of side effects like muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis
This type of organism has a thin cell wall and will take up safranin counterstain.
What is gram negative?