Animal Health
What is the main route of salmonella infection from pig to pig?
Faecal oral route
Who is most likely to become severely ill with salmonellosis?
Immunocompromised individuals, young children (≤4yo), older adults (≥65yo), pregnant women
In broad terms, how can the risk of Salmonella infection and contamination be reduced?
Good biosecurity
When travelling between farms, what must the veterinarian do to reduce spread of infection?
Clean and disinfect PPE and equipment
This host-adapted Salmonella serovar in pigs most commonly causes septicemia rather than diarrhea
Salmonella choleraesuis
Which animal is an important vector of Salmonella that can lead to introduction of infection in pigs?
Rodents (mice more likely than rats)
What symptoms, other than diarrhea and vomiting, are common in people with Salmonella-related food poisoning? Bonus point: How long do these symptoms usually last?
Stomach cramps, nausea, fever (Bonus point for 4-7d)
For disinfection to be most effective, what must be done before a disinfectant is applied?
Clean and dry surfaces
If suspicious of a Salmonella outbreak in pigs, what is the vet legally required to do?
Report the isolation of the organism to APHA
Provide a culture of the organism to APHA for confirmatory identification
This aminoglycoside antimicrobial is commonly administered in drinking water to pigs during an outbreak of intestinal salmonellosis to reduce severity of disease.
Neomycin
What is the most common serovar of salmonella known to cause disease in humans, pigs, cattle and poultry? Bonus point: what is the main clinical sign associated with this?
Salmonella Typhimurium (bonus point for enterocolitis)
What color(s) should NOT be seen in the center or in the juices of properly cooked pork?
Pink or Red
What can producers do to check if they already have Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella Typhimurium in their herd?
Test pooled fecal samples
One of the licenced vaccines for Salmonella serovars, Salmoporc, can be administered to piglets via which route?
Oral (drench)
This classic gross lesion of porcine salmonellosis consists of fibrinonecrotic plaques in the colon that may slough, leaving circular ulcers.
At what age in pigs is infection with intestinal salmonellosis MOST common?
From weaning up to 5mo old
But can occur at any age
What are the 4 Cs of food safety?
Cleaning, Cooking, Chilling, Cross-contamination
Why should vaccinated pigs not come into contact with pigs destined for slaughter?
They excrete the vaccine strain up to 20d following vaccination
What must be carried out after faecal culture of the bacteria to confirm which serovar is present?
Serotyping
This component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for endotoxic shock, fever, vasodilation, and the “pink ears” seen in septicemic pigs.
What is LPS (lipopolysaccharide)
S Choleraesuis, the second most common disease causing serovar of Salmonella in pigs is associated with which clinical sign ?
Septicaemia (often associated with pneumonia)
Around how many cases of Salmonella-related food poisoning are reported in Scotland on an annual basis? (In humans)
700-900
In Annex I to Regulation EC 2073/2005, how many pig carcasses, out of 50, are allowed to test positive for Salmonella before test results are considered unsatisfactory?
3
Aside from faecal samples, a culture can be performed from which piece of tissue to confirm presence of salmonella in cases of Intestinal Salmonellosis?
Intestinal Mucosa (Also accept mesenteric lymph nodes)
In 1885, while investigating hog cholera, researchers inadvertently isolated the bacterium that would later be named for this American veterinary pathologist.
Who is Daniel Elmer Salmon