📝Vocabulary
"The city council vote to bolster the crumbling sea wall before the hurricane season arrived." As used in the sentence, "bolster" most nearly means:
What is to,
A. Weaken or dismantle
B. Evaluate or inspect
C. Strengthen or Support
D. Relocate or abandon
In the sentence, "Sarah brought her umbrella because rain was in the forecast," this word signals a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is "because"?
When historians uncover new documents or artifacts, they may do this to earlier conclusions about what happened in the past.
What is revise or change their interpretation?
A student studies for two hours every night before a test and earns an A. From this information alone, you cannot be certain of this.
What is that studying alone caused the A?
This river flows through Egypt and was essential to the development of one of the world's earliest civilizations.
What is the Nile River?
A person who is reluctant to speak in front of a crowd is most likely feeling this.
What is hesitant or unwilling?
In the sentence, "Although the team was exhausted, they finished the project on time," the word "Although" serves this purpose.
What is showing a contrast (or concession)?
Archaeologists excavating a Roman military site found coins from three different emperors, pottery from distant provinces, and traces of food not native to the region. These findings led historians to revise their understanding of the fort.
What is that the fort was connected to a large trade network and housed soldiers from different parts of the Roman Empire?
A town sees more ice cream sales and more sunburns during the summer. A researcher concludes that ice cream causes sunburns. What mistake is being made?
What is confusing correlation with causation?
This mountain range forms a natural boundary between Europe and Asia.
What are the Ural Mountains?
The prefix bene- means "good." Based on that root, this word means showing kindness or generosity.
What is benevolent?
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A. Neither the students nor the teacher were late.
B. Neither the students nor the teacher was late.
What is B?
For years, historians believed a settlement was abandoned after a devastating drought. However, newly discovered letters describe merchants conducting business there decades later.
What is that the settlement remained inhabited or active longer than previously believed?
A newspaper reports that 90% of students support a new school rule, but the survey included only students who attended an optional club meeting. This survey may have this problem.
What is a biased sample?
A map shows a city located near a major harbor and river mouth. Historians would most likely conclude that the city benefited from this economic activity.
What is trade or commerce?
The word ephemeral describes something that lasts for only a short period of time.
What is temporary or short-lived?
In the sentence, "The scientist carefully recorded every observation before publishing her findings," the word "carefully" functions as this part of speech.
What is an adverb?
A historian compares newspaper articles, private diaries, and government records from the same event and finds major differences in the accounts. This prompts her to seek additional sources before reaching a conclusion.
What is that historical sources can contain bias or incomplete information?
An ancient map is discovered showing a trade route previously thought not to exist. Historians then begin reassessing their understanding of regional commerce. This best illustrates this principle.
What is that new evidence can change historical interpretations?
If a traveler flies directly east from New York, they would most likely arrive on this continent first.
What is Europe?
A historian described a ruler as pragmatic, meaning the ruler made decisions primarily based on this.
What is practical results rather than theory or ideology?
A passage first presents an argument, then addresses opposing viewpoints, and finally reinforces the original claim. This organizational structure is best described as this.
What is argument and counterargument?
For decades, historians believed a medieval manuscript was a single translation of Greek texts. Spectral imaging later revealed erased layers containing unrelated vernacular poetry, indicating the parchment had been reused multiple times by scribes over centuries. Based on this discovery, historians concluded this about the manuscript.
What is that new technology uncovered hidden layers of writing, changing historians' understanding of the manuscript's history?
A scientist's hypothesis predicts that all swans are white. After observing thousands of white swans, she discovers one black swan. The discovery most directly does this to her hypothesis.
What is challenge or disprove the hypothesis?
The Panama Canal connects these two oceans and dramatically shortened global shipping routes.
What are the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?