Key Figures
What European proposed the heliocentric model of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus.
This man came up with the Theory of universal gravitation and the laws of motion.
Sir Isaac Newton
Our concept of checks and balances come from the Enlightenment. Name the three branches of government within our system.
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Francis Bacon came up with this way of conducting research.
The Scientific Method
What new form of religion believed that organized religion was exploitative and the universe was like a great clock?
Deism (Deists)
Which scientist used a telescope to observe moons orbiting Jupiter?
Galileo Galilei.
He argued that human beings are entitled to life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
Thomas Jefferson changed John Locke's idea slightly by using what in place of property.
The pursuit of happiness
During this period, the interest in science lead to discoveries and ideas based on what?
reason
Leaders who tried to rule according to Enlightenment principles while keeping their traditional powers as monarchs
Enlightened Despots
Who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Isaac Newton.
He wrote Leviathan and used natural law to argue for an absolute monarchy.
Thomas Hobbes
He was the founder of out state and he advocated for an assembly of nations dedicated to world peace.
William Penn
This theory became much more accepted which explained that the earth and solar system revolved around the sun. What is this called?
heliocentric theory
We had a rebirth in Europe, then reform, what word that begins with the letter r is used for the Scientific Revolution?
rethink
Which scientist developed the scientific method, emphasizing empirical evidence?
Francis Bacon.
He was the founder of modern chemistry.
Robert Boyle
He advocated for three branches of government.
Montesquieu
During this time, support grew for the idea of what kind of law?
Natural Law (universal moral law governed by reason)
This was a very famous Dutch painter of the period.
Rembrandt
Who used math to prove the planets revolve around the sun?
Johannes Kepler.
This scientist discovered the cell.
Robert Hooke
He promoted religious liberty and freedom of speech... "I defend to the death your right"
Voltaire
Name one of the new religions (or branches of former religions) that came out of this time period.
Moravian Brethren
Methodism
Hasidism
What does Descartes philosophical statement, "Cogito, ergo sum" mean in English?
I think, therefore I am
He discovered how blood moves through the body.
William Harvey
He worked on human corpses even though it was illegal at the time and wrote The Structure of the Human Body (1543).
ANDREAS VESALIUS
He called for an international law code based on natural law
Hugo Grotius
What impact did the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment have on society? (It leads to ____)
Leads to an age of romanticism and revolution
This Frenchman argued that there was a social contract between government and its people.
Rousseau