Visual
Which type of receptor is vision associated with?
Photoreceptors. (specifically rods and cones)
Which receptor is used to detect sound?
Mechanoreceptors in the ear.
Which organ of the body has the most mechanoreceptors?
The Skin.
What is Sensory Adaptation?
The brain can actually filter out redundant sensory information so as to prevent over-stimulation.
What receptor type does the tongue contain? What receptor type does the nose contain?
Chemoreceptors, and olfactory cells (which are also chemoreceptors).
Name five parts of the eye.
Pupil, Cornea, Aqueous humour, Iris, Lens, Suspensory ligament, Ciliary body, Sclera, Choroid, Retina, Fovea centralis, Optic disc (blind spot), Optic nerve, Vitreous humour.
What do semicircular canals do?
Act to maintain dynamic equilibrium (balance during movement) by triggering the movement of tiny hair cells.
Mechanoreceptors detect what?
They are stimulated by pressure.
What is the difference between Sensation and Perception?
Sensation is input about the physical world obtained by our sensory receptors, and perception is the process by which the brain selects, organizes, and interprets these sensations.
What are the five major types of taste receptors on the tongue?
sour, sweet, salty, bitter, umami.
What is the path light travels through the eye? Name each part in order.
Light
v
Cornea
v
Aqueous Humour
v
Pupil
v
Lens
v
Vitreous Humour
v
Retina
v
Optic Nerve
What are the four parts of the middle ear?
Ear drum (tympanum), malleus, incus and stapes.
What are the different stimuli that the skin can detect?
Light touch, pressure, pain, high temperature and low temperature.
Bonus!
Free points!
Where do olfactory cells transmit the signals they get?
The olfactory bulb in the brain.
Where is the retina in the eye, what is it composed of, and what do those two light-sensitive cells do?
Inside the back of the eye, Rods and Cones, Rods respond to low-intensity light to detect clack and white and Cones respond to high-intensity light to detect different wavelengths of colour.
Where does the eustachean tube connect, and what does it do?
The Eustachean tube connects to the throat, allowing air pressure to equalize in the ear.
Bonus!
Get free points (don't need to answer anything)
If one has autism, what is it that they are not able to efficiently filter out? What does this cause?
Individuals with autism are not able to efficiently filter out redundant sensory info, leading to increased sensitivity and frequent over-stimulation.
How many different odours can humans distinguish between?
over 10,000.
What is Adaptation and Accommodation?
Adaptation - how the iris adjusts the pupil size to different intensities of light.
Accommodation - how the lens changes shape in order to focus an image on the retina.
What is the path of sound going through the ear in its entirety?
The auricle (pinna) is the visible portion of the outer ear. It collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal (external auditory meatus), where the sound is amplified.
The sound waves then travel toward a flexible, oval membrane at the end of the ear canal called the eardrum, or tympanic membrane. Sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate.
The vibrations from the eardrum set the ossicles into motion. The ossicles are actually tiny bones — the smallest in the human body. The three bones are named after their shapes: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup). The ossicles further amplify the sound.
The tiny stapes bone attaches to the oval window that connects the middle ear to the inner ear. The Eustachian tube, which opens into the middle ear, is responsible for equalizing the pressure between the air outside the ear and that within the middle ear.
The sound waves enter the inner ear and then into the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ. The cochlea is filled with a fluid that moves in response to the vibrations from the oval window. As the fluid moves, 25,000 nerve endings are set into motion. These nerve endings transform the vibrations into electrical impulses that then travel along the eighth cranial nerve (auditory nerve) to the brain.
The brain then interprets these signals, and this is how we hear.
Are pain receptors also mechanoreceptors?
Mechanoreceptors in the skin include free nerve endings and complex receptors. The free nerve endings act as receptors for pain and temperature, but partly serve also for mechanoreception.
What are the four (4) categories of sensory receptors?
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
what is the full path that an odour goes through in becoming a sensation of smell?
The odour particles go into the nasal cavity of the nose. It then fits into a specific chemoreceptor like a lock and key. The chemoreceptor, being the olfactory cell, sends the signal to the olfactory bulb in the brain. The brain then converts said signal into the sensation of a smell.