Introduction
The two subdivisions of the human skeleton
What are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?
Distal portions of the femur
What are the medial and lateral condyles?
The components of the thoracic cage and types of bones
What are the ribs: 7 true & 5 false, sternum: manubrium, body, xiphoid process?
The components of the pectoral girdle
What are the scapula, clavicle, and sternum?
The femur and pelvis
What is the acetabulum?
Structures within the subdivisions of the skeletal system
What are the axial skeleton: composed of the skull vertebral column, and the thoracic cage & the appendicular skeleton: composed of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles
Distal portions of the tibia
What are the lateral and medial malleolus?
The first and second cervical vertebrae
What are the atlas and axis?
The four bones of the pelvis
What are the ilium, ischium, sacrum and pubis bones?
The radius and ulna
BONUS POINTS
Process and fossa for extension at the elbow
What are the radial notch and ulnar notch?
Olecranon fossa/process
The major parts of a long bone (5)
What are epiphyses, diaphyses, articular cartilage, medullary cavity, compact bone, spongey bone, and periosteum?
Proximal portions of the ulna
What are the olecranon and coronoid processes?
The three types of vertebrae and amount of bones within each section
What are cervical 7, thoracic 12, and lumbar 5?
The lateral and medial bones of the upper & lower limbs
What are the radius, ulna & fibula, tibia?
The humerus and scapula
What is the glenoid cavity?
The development of intramembranous bones consists of 3 stages
What are
membrane-like layers of connective tissue appear at sites of future bones,
osteoblasts actively deposit bony matrix,
periosteum forms to encase the spongy bone with compact bone
The most distal portions of the humerus
What are the capitulum and trochlea?
Four of the cranial bones
BONUS POINTS
Four of the facial bones
What are the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid
What are the zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, nasal, palatine, vomer, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha
Three types of joints
BONUS POINTS
Joints found in the upper limbs (3)
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Ball & socket, hinge, condylar, pivot, & saddle
The motions of kicking a ball requires movement of the lower limbs and foot
What are flexion/extension: lower limbs & plantar flexion/inversion: foot?
What are
development from hyaline cartilage shaped as future bones
cartilage in the diaphysis breaks down slowly
osteoblasts form the periosteum in the POC
the epiphyses continue to grow as the SOC appears and creates the epiphyseal plates
osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together to form the compact bone structure
The most proximal portions of the humerus
What are the greater and lesser tubercles?
The anterior, lateral, and posterior portions of a typical vertebrae
What are the anterior: body/pedicles, lateral: transverse processes/foramen, & posterior: laminae/spinous processes?
The bones of the wrist
What are the hamate, capitate, trapezium, trapezoid, pisiform, triquetrium, lunate, scaphoid?
Typing requires movement of the upper limbs and phalanges
What are pronation/rotation: upper limbs & flexion/extension: phalanges