Self Esteem
What is self-esteem?
the positive and negative evoluations of yourself
What is self-presentation?
the process by which we try to shape what other think of us (and what we think of ourselves)
Self-enhancement refers to
a person's desire to think of themsleves positively
What is Self-Concept?
The self-percpetion theory refers to
when internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain insight by obersving their own behavior
What is the difference of private and public self-consciousness?
private: tendency to intropect about inner thoughts and feelings
public: tendency to focus on our public image
self-verification
In an online survey about driving, 78% of people rates themselves better than the average driver. What theory is illustrated?
better than average effect
What is self-concpet made of?
It is made up of schmeas
What are the three selves that the Self-Discrepancy theory dipict
actial, ought and ideal self
Does high self-esteem ensure desirable life outcomes?
no, high self-esteem can be fragile and can be related to lower social sensitivity
The social spotlight effect refers to...
the tendency to believe the social spotlight shines more brightly on you than it really does
Tomorrow, Sandy has a piano recital that she is very nervous for. To take away some of the anxiety, she decided to go out for drinks with her friends. She is displaying:
self-handicapping
Where does our self-concept come from?
introspection, percpetion of our own behavior, comparing to others, autobiogrpahical memories and cultural influences
In certain situations, we become objects to our own attnetion. When this happens, we begin to compare our behavior to the societal standard. This is a description of what theory?
Self-awareness theory
Self-esteem is measured using what kinds of tests
Self-report (rosenberg self-esteem scale) or using indirect measure such as the implicit association test or name-letter effect
What are the two goals of strategic self-presentation
ingratitation (desire to be liked) and self promotion (desire to gain respect)
Emily got an A on her biology exam this weekend. When she is talking to her friends about it she says "I studied so hard for this! I deserve that A". This illustrates
self-serving bias
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation: engage in activitys because of interest, the challenge or enjoyment (originates within a person)
extrinsic motivation: engage in acitivty for tangible benefit like money, grades or recognition (originates outside a person)
Clara and Isaac have been married for 30 years. Their next door neightbors, Gloria and Jay just got married. Gloria and Jay are going through a rough patch where they are constantly fighting. In one of their fights, Gloria says to Jay "Clara and Isaac make it look so easy! They always get along and never fight". This is an example of an:
Upward social comparison
In what ways to people believe they need/have to have self-worth?
relationship success, academic competence, athletic prowess, physical appearance etc.
What is self-monitoring and what are the different types of self-monitors?
tendency to regulate one's behavior to meet the demands of the situation
High self-monitors: concened about how they are presenting themselves
Low-self monitors: unconcerned about the social acceptability of their behavior
When your favorite sports team wins a game, you usualy say "We won!". This illustrates:
basking in relected glory
Why are autobiographical memories important to self concept?
they can shape our idenities
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, what are the two factors necessary to feel an emotion?
must experience physiological arousal and must interpret the source of the arousal