Acculturation
Define Acculturation.
The process by which someone comes in contact with another culture and begins to adopt the norms and behaviours of that culture.
Who are Gatekeepers?
Parents, media and school.
What is prevalence rate?
% of people who are likely to suffer
Give an example of Explicit cultural norm
Explicit - written guidelines (handbook)
Name 2 approaches in Psychology
Emic and Etic
Who created the Acculturation Model?
Berry (1974)
When is Enculturation complete?
Never. It is a constant process that reinforces your identity as a member of your culture.
What is the name of Japanese men who have no interest in getting married or having a girlfriend (from Norasakkunkit study(2014))
Herbivores
What is it called when an individual changes their own cultural identity and adopts the culture of their new country?
Assimilation
What is the difference between Emic and Etic approach?
Etic
- Plans out research before arriving in the field
- Assumes that behaviours are universal
- Collect data as soon as they arrive in the field
Emic
- Develop research question only after spending some time in the local community
- Applies the findings only to the local community being studied
- Collect data only after they become familiar with the culture
What is acculturative stress (culture shock)?
Not feeling as a part of one group/culture, happens during acculturation, results in anxiety and depression.
Define Enculturation
The process of adopting or internalizing the schemas of your own culture
What is Hikikomori?
A culture-bound syndrome found in Japan where young males lock themselves in a room and refuse to come out for years
What are the two main experiences that can lead to acculturative stress?
Prejudice and Descrimination
Which approach is described?
- theory-driven
- top down
- universal
- replicable, easy and fast
Etic
What is Reverse Culture Shock?
Stress suffered by some people when they return back home after a number of years living outside of that country.
- Children observe parents and learn line fishing
- Children overhear the conversations of their parents and learn about the hierarchal system
- Majority of the children had a broad understanding of the rituals of their society
- Cultural norms are not taught directly but learned through active observation.
Who found out that globalization can lead to negative behaviours in young adults?
Delafosse (1993)
Define Third Culture Kids.
- Higher validity (same surveys and tests)
- Global application
Name 4 different acculturation strategies proposed by Berry.
Assimilation - individual abandons original culture and adopts behaviour from the new culture
Integration - individual adopts the behaviours of the new culture while keeping their original culture.
Separation - individual keeps their original culture and minimizes the contact with the new culture.
Marginalization - when it is not possible for an individual to keep own culture, but because of exclusion, they cannot adopt a new culture.
What did Odden and Rochat look at in their study (aim)?
The researchers looked at the behaviour of line fishing and conceptual understanding of rank and hierarchy.
Name 1 characteristics of Social Isolation Syndrome proposed by Hikikomori.
- No motivation to go to school or work
- No signs of other psychological disorders
- Social withdrawal for at least 6 months
Give an example of a people who use involuntarily way of contacting with other cultures.
Refugees and Asylum seekers
Name 3 main limitations of Emic approach
- time consuming
- limited application
- low level of reliability